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【注意】as though／if有时不接从句，而接形容词、分词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语等，也可看作是从句的省略形式。如：① She hurriedly left the room as if angry. 她急匆匆地离开了房间，好像很生气的样子。 ② He stared at the girl as though seeing her for the first time. 他盯着那位姑娘看好像是第一次看到她似的。③ He opened his mouth as if to speak. 他张开嘴巴，好像要说话似的。④ She was talking a11 the while excitedly, as though to herself. 她好像一直对自己兴奋地说个不停。 25. "We have done it, Sir," he whispered. 他低声说道：“先生，我们已经挺过来了。” (p.80 Integrating Skills第1段第2行) whisper 在此意为“低语”，用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词或名词。如：① She whispered a warning to me and then disappeared. 她低声警告了我一声就不见了踪影。② She said it in a whisper, so I couldn't hear. 她小声说的这件事，所以我没听见说的是什么。③ He is whispering to his sister. 他向他姐姐窃窃私语。④ He whispered to her so that no one could hear. 他对她低声耳语以使别人听不见。 【拓展】whisper还可作“(树叶或风等)飒飒做响；把(秘密等)悄悄传开，背后议论(常用于被动语态)” 讲。如： ① The wind whispered through the pines. 风透过松林发出飒飒声。② It's whispered that he is heavily in debt. 据秘传他负债累累。 【注意】whisper若接双宾语，间接引语无论位置在前或在后，其前必须加介词to，直接宾语是代词时，只能置于间接宾语之前；是从句时，只能置于间接宾语之后。如：① She's whispering a story to her daughter. 她低声地给女儿讲故事。② She whispered it to him. 她低声对他说了那件事。③ She whispered to him that she was going to London next week. 她低声对他说她下周将去伦敦。 26. "Wind fell all at once. The trouble's not over yet." said Captain MacWhirr half aloud.“风突然减弱了，麻烦还没有结束。”麦克沃尔船长几乎大声地说。(p.80 Integrating Skills 第1段 第2行) (1) all at once意为“突然” (= suddenly)。如： ① All at once he spoke out. 他突然大胆说出来。 ② There was a change m the weather all at once. 天气突然发生了变化。 【链接】与once构成的短语：once upon a time 从前(用于故事开头)；once or twice 几次；once and again 一而再，反复；once for all 一劳永逸地；断然；once more (=once again) 一再，再三；(for)this once 只这一次； once in a while 有时，偶尔；be at once...and不但，而且 (2) half此处用作副词，意为“一半，几乎，不完全地” 如：① These potatoes are only half cooked. 这些土豆煮得只是半熟。② She was half laughing，half crying. 他半笑半哭。③ It is half past four. 现在是4：30了。④ The baby is half asleep. 孩子几乎睡着了。 【链接】包含副词half的几种习惯说法：half and half各占一半；half as many／much...as... ……的半数的；not half非常；极其；一点也不；not half as远远不，几乎不 Section IV 语法 省略：1) 在由and连接的句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组 (1) 省略共同的主语或宾语。如：Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman. 史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬币，并把它交给了警察。(2) 若主语不同而与谓语助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。如： Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽在写作业。(3) 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。如：His advice made me happy，but (his advice made) Jim angry. 他的建议使我高兴，但使吉姆愤怒。 (4) 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。如：I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1989. 我出生于1988年冬天，鲍勃是1989年冬天。(5) 省略重复的介词、连词及后续部分。如：He was late because he had overslept and (because he had) missed the train. 他迟到了，因为睡过了头误了火车。 2) 状语从句中的省略：(1) 在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as，whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be，而主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。如：① His opinion，whether (it is) right or wrong, would be considered. 他的意见，无论对错，都要考虑。 ② Errors, if (there are) any, should be corrected. 如果有什么错误，就应当改正。(2) 在as，than，however，whatever，no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。如：① Anyone，no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings. 我们的缺点，不管是什么人，谁都可指出来。② After two hours she became quieter (than she had been). 两个小时之后，她安静多了。③ I must get it done whatever the cost (may be). 无论代价如何，我也要把这件事情办好。 ④ I can only do it the way as (I was) told to (do it that way). 我只能按照你的吩咐去做。 (3) 虚拟条件句常省略if，将were，had，should提前构成部分倒装。如：Should there be a flood (=If there should be a flood), what should we do? 如果发生了洪水，我们该怎么办? (4) 有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。如：① John will go there if my brother will (go). 如果我哥哥去那儿，约翰也去。② I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to). 3) 定语从句与名词性从句中的省略： (1) 在限制性定语从句中，作定语用的关系代词whom，which that可省略；在以the same…as和such as引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。如：① The girl (who／whom／that) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying. 老师与其说话的那个女孩是刘英。② I don't like such books as this (is). 我不喜欢这种书。(2)定语从句中的“主语 + 系动词be"可以省略。如：The goods (which were) ordered last month haven't arrived yet. 上月订购的货物还没到达。 (3) 在know，think，consider，suppose，find，believe，say，decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不能。如：① I think (that) it will clear up this after- noon. 我想今天下午天会转晴。② He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。(4) 由which，when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。如：He will come back, but he doesn't know when (he will come back). 他是要回来的，可是他不知道什么时候回来。(5) 在与suggest，request，order，advise等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略。如：① The officer ordered that his men (should) fire. 军官命令士兵开火。② It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film．有人建议我们去看电影。 (责任编辑：admin) |