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三、常见的情态动词 1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。 ①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重庆卷） A. may B. should C. must D. shall ②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. — You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷） A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t ③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it? — Of course. （2003年北京春季卷） A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。 ①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全国卷Ⅲ） A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need ②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！(2005年全国Ⅰ） A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not 3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。 — Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary. — She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷） A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。 When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷） A. would B. should C. had better D. might 5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （1997年全国卷） A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况 ①—Write to me when you get home. — _______. （2001年北京春季卷） A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can ② — Could I call you by your first name？ —Yes, you ______. （1998年上海卷） A. will B. could C. may D. might 巩固练习： 1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short. A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may 2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived 4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t 5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will 6. — Is John coming by train? — He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall 8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. —_______. A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t 10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She____ at the meeting. A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken 例题答案 Key: C D B B Key: C Key: C A Key：A Key: B B D A Key: D C Key：A Key: B Key: D A B Key: A B Key: C Key: A Key：C Key：C C 练习答案与解析 1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，needn’t意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。 2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。 3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。 4. A 从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止，不准”。 5. B can在此表示许可。 6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测，can not的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。 7. D shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。 8. C should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。 9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will；否定回答用I won’t。 10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”， 所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。 (责任编辑：admin) |