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2021年高三英语语法一轮复习:状语从句考点精练

http://www.newdu.com 2020-12-03 三好网 佚名 参加讨论

    状语从句指在句子中用作状语的从句。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等九种状语从句。下面是高中英语老师给大家带来2021年高三英语语法一轮复习状语从句考点精练,帮助考生高效学习。
    
    一、基础知识
    1.主语是发出动作的人或物;谓语是______________;宾语是______________。
    2.定语修饰______________;状语包括时间、地点、方式、原因、结果等状语。
    3.表语是系动词后面的词、短语或句子;补语是补充说明______________;
    同位语的作用是______________.
    4.五种简单句的结构是:______________、主+谓+宾、______________、主+谓+宾+宾补、
    ______________。
    二、选择适当的词填空
    andbutoreither…orsoforwhile
    1.Wewanttogotothematch,_______wedidn’tgettheticket.
    2.Somepeoplearebuyingthestock,_______wearesellingthestock.
    3.Youmustgoearly,_______youwillmissthebus.
    4.Themanagerwasill,_______Iwentinherplace.
    5.Theywerehappy_______theydeservedtheirhappiness.
    6.Putonsomeclothes,_______youwillcatchcold.
    第七讲状语从句一
    状语从句概述
    一、状语从句的定义
    思考一个问题:
    状语是:_________________________________________________________
    【答案】修饰动词、形容词或一句话,表示时间、地点、原因、结果等
    找出下面句子的状语
    1.Hecametothelibrarytofindsomematerials.
    2.Myfatherboughtahouseinthesuburb.
    3.Wefoundawalletonthegrandlastnight.
    将上面句子的状语部分改成一个句子
    1.Hecametothelibrarytofindsomematerials.
    _____________________________________________________________
    2.Myfatherboughtahouseinthesuburb.
    _____________________________________________________________
    3.Wefoundawalletonthegroundlastnight.
    _____________________________________________________________
    【答案】
    1.Hecametothelibrarysothathecanfindsomematerials.
    2.Myfatherboughtahousewheretheairqualityisbetterthanthecity.
    3.Wefoundawalletonthegroundwhenwehadawalkafterdinnerlastnight.
    根据以上句子可知,状语从句为:
    _____________________________________________________________
    【答案】状语由一个句子充当。
    二、状语从句的分类
    1.HedistrustedmebecauseIwasnew.
    2.Ifyouhaveanyotherquestions,justwritetome.
    3.Duskfellbeforewerealizedit.
    4.Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.
    5.We’llmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.
    6.I’msoexcitedtohearthatyouarecomingtoBeijingthissummervacation.
    7.Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasiftheyneverexisted.
    8.Sheworkedhardsothateverythingwouldbereadyby5o'clock.
    9.HehasgotnolesspresentsthanIdidlasttime.
    状语从句一共_______种,分别是:
    ________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________
    【答案】九种;时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、条件、让步、目的、比较状语从句。
    时间状语从句
    一、常见连接词
    【答案】
    1.when,while,as
    2.before,after,until,since
    3.assoonas,themoment,theminute,theinstant,hardly…when…,
    nosooner…than…
    二、when,while和as的区别
    1.WhenIlivethere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSunday.
    2.Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.
    3.Hesawasnakewhilehewasdiggingahole.
    4.Pleasedon’ttalksolaudwhileothersareworking.
    5.Asmymothersangthesong,tearsrandownhercheeks.
    6.Astimegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.
    由以上可知,when,while和as的区别为:
    1.when:_____________________________________________________________
    2.while:_____________________________________________________________
    3.as:_____________________________________________________________
    二、until的用法
    请尝试翻译下面的句子。
    1.直到老师走进教室,教室才安静下来。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    【答案】Theclassroomisnoisyuntiltheteachercamein.
    注意:______________________________________________________________
    【答案】until表示“直到…某个动作才停止”
    【能力提升】
    请翻译下面的句子
    1.直到他回到北京,我们才见了面。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    2.直到作出决定,我们才停止了讨论。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    3.直到大家都到这,他才出现。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    【答案】
    1.Wehadn’tmeteachotheruntilhereturnedtoBeijing.
    2.Wekeptdiscussinguntilthedecisionwasmade.
    3.Hedidn’tshowupuntileveryonewashere.
    三、hardly…when…,nosooner…than…用法
    1.Assoonaswegotoffthetrain,wewereallexcitedandattractedbythehistorictouch.
    2.Assoonasweenteredthepark,Tomwasattractedbythebeautifulscenery.
    3.Hardlyhadwegotoffthetrainwhenwewereallexcitedandattractedbythehistorictouch.
    4.NosoonerhadweenteredtheparkthanTomwasattractedbythebeautifulscenery.
    比较以上两组句子的不同,可以总结一个固定句式为:
    ___________________________________________________________________
    【答案】hardly/nosoonerhadsb.donesth.when/than…
    【能力提升】
    1.Itstartedtorainassoonasthegamebegan.
    ___________________________________________________________________
    2.Thelightwentoutthemomenthefinishedthepaper.
    ___________________________________________________________________
    3.AstudentcametoseemeassoonasIwentout.
    ___________________________________________________________________
    4.我刚刚进屋,就下雨了。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    5.他刚一到,就开始抱怨。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    【答案】
    1.Hardlyhadthegamebegunwhenitstartedtorain.
    2.Hardlyhadhefinishedthepaperwhenthelightwentout.
    3.HardlyhadIwentoutwhenthestudentcametoseeme.
    4.HardlyhadIwalkedintothehouse,itstartedtorain.
    5.Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenhebegancomplaining.
    【精讲精练】
    1.Amancanfailmanytimes,butheisn’tafailure_______hebeginstoblamesomebodyelse.
    A.whenB.ifC.untilD.once
    答案:C。根据句意一个人可以失败很多次,但是知道他开始责备别人,他才是一个失败者,应该选until。
    2."Youcan’thavethisfootballback_______youpromisenottokickitatmycatagain,"theoldmansaid
    firmly.
    A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.until
    答案:D。根据句意知道你承诺不会再踢我的猫,你才能拿回你的足球,应选until。
    3.Jimcamebackearlylastnight.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock_______hegothome.
    A.beforeB.thatC.whenD.until
    答案:C。根据句意当他会叫的时候还不到8点,应该用when。
    4.Theboywassotiredthathefellasleep_______hismothercouldtakeoffhisclothes.
    A.beforeB.afterC.whileD.when
    答案:A。根据句意这个男孩太困了,在他妈妈给他脱衣服之前,就已经睡着了,所以用when。
    5.Friendsareangelswholiftustoourfeet_______ourwingshavetroublerememberinghowtofly.
    A.unlessB.becauseC.thoughD.when
    答案:D。根据句意,朋友就是一些天使,他们可以在当你忘记如何飞翔的时候,帮你起飞,所以用when。
    地点状语从句
    连接词
    【答案】where;wherever
    【精讲精练】
    1.Ifyouaretraveling_______thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.
    A.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where
    答案:D。根据句意,如果你去到一个习俗和你们不一样的地方,请最好入乡随俗,所以用where。
    2.You’dbetternotleavethemedicine_______kidscangetatit.
    A.evenifB.whichC.whereD.sothat
    答案:C。根据句意,你最好不要把药房在孩子们可以够到的地方,选where。
    3.Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded_______other
    morewell-informedexperimentersfailed.
    A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that
    答案:B。根据句意,虽然他不怎么知道这个领域的很多工作,但是他却在很多熟练的实验员失败的地方成
    功了,所以用where。
    【能力提升】
    1.有学校的地方,房价一般比较贵。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    2.有IPhone卖的地方,就会有很多人。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    3.我们无论在哪,都有雾霾。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    4.无论你去哪,我都会追你。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    【答案】
    1.Housepriceisnormallyexpensivewherethereisaschool.
    2.TherearealotofpeoplewheretheIPhoneissold.
    3.Whereverweare,smogwillbearoundus.
    4.Whereveryougo,Iwillfollowyou.
    原因状语从句
    一、连接词
    【答案】
    1.because,as,for,since,nowthat
    2.consideringthat,seeingthat,forthereasonthat
    二、because,as,for,since区别
    1.Hewaslate,becausehiscarbrokedownhalfway.
    Theydidn’tshowupbecausetheydidn’twanttoseeyou.
    because:_____________________________________________________________
    【答案】用来表示不知道的原因,用why提问,只能用because。
    2.Sinceyouknowthetruth,youshouldtrustme.
    Aswesleptlatelastnight,weshouldsleepearlytonight.
    since/as:_____________________________________________________________
    【答案】表示显而易见的原因。
    3.Themoviemustbeover,forpeoplewalkedoutofthecinema.
    Thatmanshouldbeastar,foralotofpeoplearoundhim,callinghisname.
    for:_____________________________________________________________
    【答案】表推断,通常来说,后面的可以推出前面的结果。
    【精讲精练】
    1._______youareallback,we’dbetterstartourclassrightaway.
    A.EventhoughB.IfonlyC.NowthatD.Incase
    答案:C。根据句意,既然你们都回来了,我们最好马上开始上课了,选nowthat。
    2.CharlotteassuredTonythattheycouldeasilyfindthebaker_______shewasfamiliar
    withthearea.
    A.becauseB.untilC.althoughD.aslongas
    答案:A。根据句意,Charlotte向Tony保证他们他们可以轻易的找到那个面包师,因为她对这很熟,选because。
    3.Customerskeepcomingbackformore_______thestorechargesalowerpriceof
    theirgoods.
    A.ifB.whileC.asD.before
    答案:C。根据句意,顾客们继续回来买更多的东西,因为这个商店的货物价格比较便宜。
    4._______Tomhasnointerestinpiano,thereisnopointpushinghimtolearnit.
    A.IncaseB.NowthatC.EvenifD.Asfaras
    答案:B。根据句意,既然Tom对钢琴不感兴趣,那们逼他学习是没有意义的。
    【能力提升】
    1.因为时间还很早,我决定和他一起下象棋。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    2.由于正在下雨,我选择待在在家里
    ___________________________________________________________________
    3.由于所有的座位都满了,他只好站着。
    ___________________________________________________________________
    【答案】
    1.Sinceitwasstillearly,IdecidedtoplayChinesechesswithhim.
    2.Asitwasraining,Ichosetostayathome.
    3.Asalltheseatswerefull,hestoodup.
    【知识拓展】
    根据汉语意思补全下面的句子
    1.Helosthisjobbecauseof______________.由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
    2.Shedoesn'tgotoschoolbecauseof______________.她没来上学因为她生病了。
    3.Hearrivedlatedueto______________.由于暴风雨他来晚了。
    4.Thatwasonaccountof______________.那是由于缺乏锻炼。
    【答案】
    1.hisage
    2.herillness.
    3.thestorm
    4.lackofexercise
    由上可知:
    ___________________________________________________________________
    【答案】becauseof,dueto,onaccountof,owingto,thanksto表示因为时+短语
    结果状语从句
    一、连接词
    【答案】so…that…,such…that…
    二、so…that…和such…that…的区别
    1.It’ssogoodabookthatI’vereaditagainandagain.
    2.It’ssuchagoodbookthatI’vereaditagainandagain.
    3.IwassonervousthatIcan’tsayanywords.
    4.IwassuchanervouspersonthatIcan’tsayanywords.
    由上可知:
    ___________________________________________________________________
    【答案】such+名词;so+形容词/副词;当名词前有many,much,few,little修饰时,只能用so
    【精讲精练】
    1.Theteachertoldus_______funnystory_______wealllaughed.
    A.sucha;thatB.such;thatC.soa;thatD.so;that
    答案:A。后面是funnystory名词,用sucha。
    2.Theworkerswork_______hard_______theydon’thaveadayoffevenontheweekend.
    A.too;thatB.such;thatC.so;thatD.as;that
    答案:C。句意,工人们工作的非常努力,他们在周末都不想休假,且hard为副词,只能用so…that…
    3.Whenthefirebrokeout,manypeoplewereso_______thattheyran_______.
    A.frightening;wildB.frightened;wild
    C.frightened;wildlyD.frightening;wildly
    答案:B。so后面加形容词,frightening表示令人害怕的,frightened表示害怕的,体现人的状态,所以用
    frightened,后面run在这里是系动词,表示变成,后面加形容词,所以用wild。
    4.ThedoctorsinORBIShavedone_______animportantjob_______thepatientsareallgratefultothem.
    A.too;toB.so;thatC.such;thatD.as;as
    答案:C。句意,在ORBIS里的医生们做的如此重要的一个工作,很多病人对他们都非常感激,且animportant
    job是名词,选C。
    【能力提升】
    1.Theboyis_______youngthathecan'tgotoschool.
    2.Hetoldus_______funnyastorythatwealllaughed.
    3.Hehas_______fewbookstoreadthathehastoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.
    4.Itis_______atallbuildingthatIcan'tseeitstop.
    5.Thegirlshad_______ahighfeverthatshenearlydiedlastweek.
    【答案】
    1.so2.so3.so4.such5.such
    出门测
    成绩_______
    一、英译汉
    1.since________________
    2.themoment________________
    3.wherever________________
    4.as________________
    5.so…that…________________
    6.hardly…when…________________
    7.for________________
    8.consideringthat________________
    二、单项选择
    1.Happinesscomes_______westopcomplainingaboutthetroubleswehaveandofferthanksforallthetroubles
    wedon’thave
    A.beforeB.whenC.thoughD.unless
    2.Housepricesareusuallymuchhigher_______therearesubwaystationsaround.
    A.whereB.unlessC.whileD.though
    3.Iwonderwhetherhishearingisokay_______hehasturnedthetelevisionupveryloud.
    A.unlessB.althoughC.untilD.because
    4.—DidyoureturnFred’scall?
    —Ididn’tneedto_______I’llseehimtomorrow.
    A.thoughB.unlessC.whenD.because
    5.Thisis_______difficultproblemthatfewstudentscanworkitout.
    A.soB.soaC.suchD.sucha
    6.Shefoundherwallet_______sheparkedhercar.
    A.whereB.becauseC.whenD.if
    参考答案
    入门测
    一、基础知识
    1.表示时态语态的动词;是动作的承受者
    2.修饰名词
    3.宾语;解释说明前面的名词
    4.主+谓;主+系+表;主+谓+间宾+直宾
    二、选择适当的词填空
    1.but2.while
    3.or4.so
    5.and6.or
    出门测
    一、英译汉
    1.因为2.一…就…
    3.无论在哪4.因为
    5.如此…以致于6.一…就…
    7.因为8.鉴于
    二、单项选择
    BADDDA
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