高考网汇集整理《高一英语:情态动词详解(一)》 情态动词,在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说,它有这样几个特点: 1)各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。 2)情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。 3)情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。 4) 情态动词后接的不定式(除ought外)都不带to ,即接动词原形。 英文中的情态动词主要有:can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare , dared ,另外shall , will , should , would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。例如: He can speak five languages .他会说五种语言。 She must have arrived home by now .现在她准到家了。 We should study hard for our motherland . 我们应该为祖国而努力学习。 They needn't be in such a hurry for there is enough time for them . 他们还有足够的时间,用不着这么慌张。 1. 常用情态动词的基本用法 can , could 能,会 (could可以看作是can的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然could也有自己独特的用法。) 1)表示脑力或体力上的能力 Nobody can stop the development of science . 谁也无法阻止科学的发展。 She can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。 He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters . 他能潜入约二十米深的水中。 He could hardly support his family before he found the new job .他在找到那份新工作前几乎无 法养家。 I could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr. Smith . 我听不懂史密斯先生作的那个关于计算机的讲座。 2)表示客观上的可能性 You can borrow this useful book from the library . 你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。 A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found . 不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。 Now people can skate on the lake .现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。 When the storm stopped , the plane could take off . 当风暴停下来时,飞机可以起飞了不得。 3)表示主观上的允许 Can I ask you some questions about it ? 我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗? You can not leave here till I come back .直到我回来你才能离开。 Such kind of thing can't happen any more later . 这类事以后不准再发生了。 Can you tell me how to get to the airport ? 你能告诉我怎么去机场吗? Could you tell me how to get to the airport ? 您能告诉我怎么去机场吗? Could I be forgiven my negligence ? 请原谅我的疏忽,行吗? 4)(用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧 How can / could you be here ? 你怎么会在这儿? She couldn't / can't be so stupid to do that . 她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。 He couldn't / can't be over seventy .他不可能有七十多岁了。 Where could / can the boy be now ? 那孩子现在能在哪儿呢? 另外,could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候,could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的用法。如: Could you speak a little slowly ? 您能稍微说慢一点儿吗? I'm afraid that we couldn't give you any definite answer at this moment . 恐怕我们这时候还无法给予您任何确切的答复。 I could come earlier if asked . 如果要让我早一点来,我可以来早一点。 We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help . 如果您能为我们提供帮助的话,我们将不甚感激。 You could have done better if you had worked harder at it . 如果你再加把劲,本来可以干得更好一些的。 may , might 或许,可能,可以 (might可以看作是may的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。) 1)可能性 I may be busy from tomorrow on .从明天起我可能会忙起来。 You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning .你在早晨五点钟以前起来,或许能从这儿看到日出。 I wondered if they might agree with the idea .我想知道他们是否会同意这种想法。 She thought it might be wise to try her luck here . 她认为在这儿碰碰运气也不错。 2)表示允许 May I come in ? 我可以进来吗? I'd like to have a smoke here if I may . 如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。 The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days . 图书馆理员告诉她说,她可以在三天后还那本书。 At the press conference , a news reporter asked the chairman if she might trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue. 在记者招待会上,一位新闻记者问大会主席她是否能提一个有关台湾问题方面的问题。 3) may间或用来表示祝愿,也常用于表示目的或让步的状语从句中: May that day come soon .但愿这天早日到来。 May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game . 祝愿你比赛夺冠成功。 May you continue in your efforts and achieve greatersuccesses . 祝愿你继续努力并取得更大的成功。 4) might也常用于表示目的等状语从句中,或用于虚拟语气的结构中: I could not convince him , try as I might .我无论用什么样的办法也不能说服他。 They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train . 那天,他们为了赶上头班车动身早一些。 He died so that the others might live . 为了其他的人能活下去,他自己牺牲了。 If you had made better use of your time , you might have learned more .假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些,你本可以学到更多东西的。 One error in calculation might ruin the whole project . 计算中出一点错就可能毁掉整个工程。 注意:在回答以may引导的问句时,一般说来避免使用may,以免显得太严厉、或不太客气,而改用其他方式。例如: --May I come in ? --Yes , please .请进。 我可以进来吗? --Sure . / Certainly .请进。 --Please don't .请不要进来。 --No , you mustn't .不行。 (责任编辑:admin) |