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英语知识点优化训练：Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the Stars 该优化训练是针对新人教版必修3的Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the Stars出题的，主要考察学生的基础知识，从单词填空、单项选择、完型填空和阅读理解等方面进行考察，难度适中。 ⅠFill in the blank with the words we learned. Then learn the sentences well. 1 Hawking is one of the most famous ___________(physic) in the world. 2 ____________(like) China, Australia is in Winter when China is in summer. 3 The young man speaks ________(gentle) and everyone likes him. 4 There is too much ____________(violent) on TV which is bad for the health of the young. 5 Some factories produce __________(harm) gases, which pollutes our _________(大气层). 6 The __________(气候) is very pleasant in Kunming all the year round. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 7 The discovery of __________(重力) is so important for science. 8 We can see live programs from America because of man-made ___________(卫星) 9 We are trying to build a better social ____________(体系). 10 Though the __________(理论) was not right, it affects many people at that time. Ⅱ语法：主语从句(Subject Clause)：位于句首充当主语的从句。 1. ____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 2. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 3. ___ Lili will get better soon is ___ her mother is worrying about now. A. What ; what B. Whether ; what C. If ; that D. What ; that 4. The reason why he was late is ___ he got up too late. A. that B. because C. as D. for 5. It's a question ____ we shall take the entrance examinations. A. that B. whom C. which D. where 6. The girl looked ___ she was worrying about her sick mother. A. whether B. that C. even if D. as if 7. ____ he always serves the people very well is known . A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 8. ___ Mary can come to the meeting is unknown. A. Whether B. If C. That D. Which 9. I want to know ___ the leather coat belongs to . A. who B. which C. that D. whom 10. --___ will get the first prize? --I'm sure , Li Hua. A. Who do you think B. You think who C. Do you think who D. Whom do you think Ⅲ 完型填空 The cool nights of autumn are here to___1___ us the chill of winter is not far off. Along with the cool air, the brilliant ___2___ of the summer triangle fall in the west to be replaced with a rather bland-looking region of sky. But don't___3___ initial appearances deceive you.___4___ in the fall sky are gems equal to summertime. The Big Dipper swings low this ___5___, and for parts of the southern United States it ___6___ sets. Cassiopeia the Queen, a ___7___ of five bright stars in the ___8___ of a "W" or "M," reaches its ___9___ point overhead, the same spot the Big Dipper reached 6 months ___10___. To the east of Cassiopeia, Perseus the Hero rises high. Nestled between these two groups is the wondrous Double Cluster — NGCs 869 and 884 — a fantastic sight in binoculars or a low-power telescope. 1. A. recall B. retell C. remind D. advise 2. A. stars B. planets C. satellites D. subjects 3. A. make B. have C. force D. let 4. A. Hidden B. To hide C. Hiding D. Appearing 5. A. year B. month C. day D. season 6. A . truly B. exactly C. actually D. possibly 7. A. team B. class C. kind D. group 8. A. form B. shape C. figure D. formation 9. A. highest B. lowest C. higher D. deepest 10. . A. before B. ago C. since D. later Ⅳ 阅读理解 A In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of comet(彗星).When the fragments(碎片)landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientist here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet? The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the earth. The news has caused panic. On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the earth’s atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The waves moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia. Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the earth, but the north won’t escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived. Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the earth. The dinosaurs(恐龙)were on the earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believed that the earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn’t survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end? 1. Which of the following in NOT true according to the author’s description of the disaster in 2094? A. The whole world becomes extremely cold. B. All the coastal cities in Africa are destroyed. C. The whole mankind becomes extinct. D. The visit of the comet results in war. 2. Why does the author mention dinosaur at the end of the passage? A. Because they could only live in the warm climate. B. Because they once dominated the earth. C. Because their extinction indicates future disasters. D. Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age 3. In writing the passage, the author intends to ____. A. give an accurate description of the possible disaster in the future B. prove that humans will sooner or later be destroyed C. tell the historical development of the earth D. warn of a possible disaster in the future 4. It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n) ____. A. horror story B. news report C. research paper D. article of popular science B Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星)which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems. However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形). Now Halley set to work. He figured out(解决，计算出)the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart. This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the ore his thought that there had been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again. It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain though to make a prediction(预言)of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley’s comet, in his honor. 5 Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of ____. A. some different comets appearing several times B. the same comet appearing at different times C. three different comets appearing at the same time D. several comets appearing at the same time 6. Halley made his discovery ____. A. by doing experiments B. by means of his own careful observation C. by using the working of other scientists D. by chance 7. Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year____. A. 1704 B. 1705 C. 1706 D. 1707 8. This passage in general is about ____. A. Halley and other scientists B. the orbit of a comet C. Newton and Halley D. Halley and his discovery 9. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Edmund Halley was an American scientist. B. Halley made his discovery by doing experiments. C. Isaac Newton was a famous mathematician. D. The orbit of a comet had the shape of an around. 高考资源网 参考答案 Ⅰ 1.physicians 2 unlike 3 gently 4 violence 5 harmful 6 climate 7 gravity 8 satellites 9 system 10 theory Ⅱ 1-5 BCBAD 6-10 DBADA Ⅲ 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B ) Ⅳ 1. C 解析：这是一道正误判断题。在倒数第二段中作者写道“A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.”说明人类文明灭绝了，而不是人类灭绝了。 2. C 解析：这是一道主旨推断题。为了证明这种灾难发生的可能性，作者列举了恐龙的例子。曾经在地球上生活了1亿6千万年，但是在6千5百万年前突然消失，以此证明未来地球上可能发生灾难。 3. D 解析：这是一道主旨推断题。在这篇短文中，作者讲述了2094年彗星碎片撞击地球后可能产生的灾难，其目的是警告人们在地球的未来可能会发生灾难。 4. D 解析：这是一道推理判断题。根据短文讲述的内容可以判断，这是一篇科幻小说，所以它可能是某篇科普文章的一部分。 5. B 解析：这是一道综合判断题。根据文章的第四段“He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.”及上文提到的看彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年、1682年可判断正确答案为选项B。 6. C 解析：这是一道细节理解题。根据文章第一段“He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.”可知，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的。 7. B 解析：这是一道计算题。文中的“He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。 8. D 解析：这是一道主旨大意题。纵观全文，不难看出，文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现。 9 C 解析：这是一道综合判断题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误;从第二题的分析中可知B项也错误;牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D。 (责任编辑：admin) |