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限定性与非限定性定语从句 一.两者的区别: 见下表 形式 作用 译法 限定性定语从句 无逗号与主句分开 修饰限定作用, 即不可缺少的定语 其译文常位于先行词之前, 并体现“的” 非限定性定语从句 有逗号与主句分开 附加、补充说明的作用, 若缺少它, 句意仍然完整 常将其译成一个和主句并列的分句 二.关系词的用法: 非限定性定语从句不能用that引导, 并且关系词在任何情况下都不能省略, 除此之外, 在关系词的使用上, 非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句完全相同 三.示例: a. My book, which is very old, is on the table. b. President Kennedy, who had heard of King before, was interested to meet him. c. His father, who is working in Beijing, is an engineer. d. The house, where he was born, has been destroyed in the earthquake. e. Mr. Smith, with whom you just talked, is our English teacher. f. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman. 四.应注意的问题: 1.as / which都可以引导一个非限定性定语从句, as / which是关系代词, 指代主句中所提到的某种情况, 它们的不同点是: ①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后 ②. as还带有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意 a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows. b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball. c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true. 常见问题 一.定语从句还原法: 试题中有很多有关定语从句的, 这类题往往需选择引导词部分. 做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念: 定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于这一点, 我们可以用“还原法”来检验定语从句是否正确, 即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句. 具体做法是: ①.第一步: 替换. 将关系代词直接替换成先行词, 如果是关系副词, 先替换成介词+关系代词, 再将关系代词替换成先行词 ②.第二步: 调整, 即调整语序, 看能否构成一个合理的简单句 例如, 还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是: 先将that / which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就能得到一个合理的简单句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是: 先将where替换成in which, 再将which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就得到一个合理的简单句: We once played for a whole day in the park. a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year? b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day? c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ? d. Do you still remember the days when we were together? 二.分隔定语从句: 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时也被分隔开来, 在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么 a. I was the only person in the office who was invited. b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE. ①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后 ②. as还带有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意 a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows. b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball. c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true. (责任编辑：admin) |