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为了更好地帮助2020年高三同学们的高考一轮复习，高三英语辅导老师整理了2020年高考英语一轮复习名词核心考点系统复习，收藏查看吧！  定义：名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。 一、可数名词变复数 1) 一般情况下，直接加-s 例如：book-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds 2) 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，读作【iz】 例如：bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches brush-brushes 3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es. 例如：family-families strawberry-strawberries library-libraries dictionary-dictionaries 而以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加s：toy- toys monkey-monkeys 4) 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es， 例如：wife-wives life-lives self-selves knife-knives leaf-leaves thief-thieves half-haves self-selves shelf-shelves loaf-loaves wolf-wolves等。 巧记忆：勇敢的妻子(wife)，拿了一把刀(knife)， 自己(self)把狼(wolf)杀死了，救回小牛(calf)半(half)条命(life)， 又把躲在葡萄架子(shelf)的叶子(leaf)中的小偷(thief)抓住了 也有直接加s的单词：roof-roofs belief-beliefs proof-proofs chief-chiefs 5) 以o结尾，大部分情况下直接加s，但是有特殊情况： 例如：hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes （英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆） piano-pianos photo-photos 6) 特殊变化的名词： 例如：man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice(老鼠) child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth 7) 单复数同形的名词： 例如：fish鱼 deer鹿 sheep绵羊 works（工厂） means手段 8) 复合名词变复数通常是将其主要名词变为复数； 例如：passer-by变为 passers-by 过路人 looker-on 变为lookers-by 旁观者 注意：一些以 man, woman 结尾的合成词，在变复数时与 man, woman 的变化形式相同。 例如： policeman / policemen(警察)， Englishman / Englishmen (英国人) 9) 不同国家的人的单复数 A. 以-an结尾或其他形式结尾的表示民族、国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加-s. 例如：Americans, Asians, Russians, Australians, Italians, Germans等 B. 特殊：英国人和法国人要将man变为men 例如：Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen 巧记：中日瑞士不用变，英法国人man变men，其余一律加s 10) 有一些名词只有复数形式： trousers裤子 pants裤子 shorts短裤 glasses眼镜 compasses圆规 scales天平 chopsticks 筷子 clothes 衣服 goods 商品，货物 contents 目录 sands 沙滩 surroundings 环境 belongings 财产 earnings 收入 manners 礼貌 11) 集体名词的数 A.集体名词侧重于成员时，表示复数意义，不再变复数形式；侧重整体时表示单数意义 例如：class family team public army government B.只表示复数意义的集体名词：people人，人们 police警察 cattle牛 The group ______ made up of nine students. The group ______dancing happily. The team ______ some good players. The team _______handsome. My family a big one. All my family in China now. 总结：集体名词做主语，如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果看成其中各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 12) 名词作定语 作定语的名词通常用单数； sport 作定语时用复数 man 和 woman 作定语时，其单复数根据被修饰词的单复数变化。 例如： a boy student—boy students a banana tree→ banana trees a shoe factory→ shoe factories sports meeting 巩固练习： 填入所给名词的正确形式： 1)I have two_____ (knife) 2)There are many _____ here. (box) 3)There are many _____ on the road. (bus) 4)A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 5)The _____ are playing football now. (child) 请用括号中名词的复数形式填空： 1． Look at those _______. (child) 2． I can see a __________ standing near the door. (policeman) 3． Do you want some ________ for dinner (potato) 4． In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf) 5． He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box) 6． Two ________ live in this building .( family ) 写出下列单词的复数： watch _________ child _________ photo ________ diary _________ day_________ foot________ book___________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep __________ box__________ strawberry _____ thief _______ peach__________ sandwich ______ man_________ woman_________ 小结： 二、常见不可数名词（必背）： advice（建议） fun （乐趣） homework（家庭作业） information（信息） sugar（糖） fruit（水果） news（新闻） paper （纸） progress（进步） trouble （麻烦）furniture（家具） traffic（交通） weather（天气） wealth（财富）work （工作）value（价值） 看似复数实际是不可数名词： news 新闻 politics 政治 maths 数学 physics 物理 1. No news ______ good news. (be) 2. I think maths very important. 注意：一般说来，抽象名词、物质名词为不可数名词，但当它们表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化。如：   一）用some或any填空: 1. I can see_____ birds in the tree. 2. There isn’t_____ orange juice in my bottle. Please give me_____ . 3. —Do you have_____ picture-books —No, I don’t have_____ . But I have_____ story-books. 4. —Is there_____ rice in the bag —No, there isn’t_____ . 5. —Are there_____ boys in the classroom —No, but there are_____ girls in it. 6. —Which one can I take —You may take_____ one of them. 7. —Would you like_____ fruit juice, please —No. I’d like_____ tea. 8. If you have_____ questions, please put up your hands. 9. May I ask you_____ questions, Miss Wang 10. Can you see_____ bikes under the tree 小结： 二）a few/few/a little/little练习题: 1. There is _______ water in the glass. Let's go and get some. A. few B. much C. many D. little 2. We still have _______ apples in the basket. You don’t have to buy any. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 3. I am new here. So I have _______friends here. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 4. I’m _______ thirsty. Can I get something to drink, mom A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 5. There is _______ money in my pocket, so I can’t buy anything now. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 6. He has_______ friends here, he feels lonely (孤独地). A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 7. I enjoy my life here. I have_______ friends and we meet quite often. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 8 The lake is not near, so there are _______ people going swimming there. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 9. The twins can speak only _______ French. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 10.Let's go and have a drink. We still have _______time before the train leaves. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 11. Please wait just _______ minutes; I'm going to clean myself up. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 12._______ people know where Phillip lives. Only his parents can tell us. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 13. Ladies and gentlemen, I have _______ words to say. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 14. Can you get here _______ earlier next time A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 15.Now be quiet for _______minutes and listen to this. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 16.There is_______ ink in my bottle, can you give me_______ ink A. few, a few B. little, a little C. a little, little D. a little, a little 小结： 三）too much(many) 太多 too much 修饰不可数名词，还可以用来修饰动词。 too many 修饰可数名词的复数形式。 much too 是“很、太”的意思，用来修饰形容词或副词。 例如：He shouldn’t walk too much. Tom has too many books in his room. This watch is much too dear. 1.--- You shouldn't eat ______ meat because it's bad for your health. --- Thanks. And eating a lot will make me look _______ fat. A．much too B．too much C．many too D．too many 2 --- Mum, the soup is _______salty. --- Sorry, dear. I've put _______salt in it, A．too much; a lot B．much too; a lot C．many too; a lot of D. much too; too much 3. Today，_____trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world． A．much too B．too much C．many too D．too many 4. Look！There's _____ice on the lake． A．too much B．much too C．a lot D. too many 5. The sweater is very beautiful，but it's _____dear． A．too much B．much too C．many D．more 6. These shoes are much too _____for me． A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．the biggest 注意：too much也可以作为名词，在句子中作主语或宾语。 如： Too much was happening all at once． You have given me too much． 小结： 四）不可数名词不能与数词连用，其数量需要借助一定的单位词表示： 1.借助表示“张”、“块”的单位词 a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of advice 一条建议 a piece of news 一条新闻 a piece of chalk 一支粉笔 2.借助表示容量的词 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 a cup of tea 一杯茶 a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a glass of beer 一杯啤酒 3.借助表示重量的词 a kilo of salt 一公斤盐 ten tons of coal 十吨煤 4.借助表示形状的词 a drop of water 一滴水 a grain of sand 一粒沙 注意：“a piece/pair+名词”之类的结构作主语时，其谓语通常与“piece/pair”的数保持一致。 例如：There is a piece of bread on the table.桌子上有一片面包。 There are pieces of bread on the table.桌子上有几片面包。 总结：如何表示不可数名词的量？  注意： 要特别记忆下列用to表示的所有格： the key to the lock，the key to the door，the key to the question， the answer to the question， the lid (盖子)to the box the entrance to the wedding the solution to the problem 【典例精析】 1. My ___________ skirt is on the chair. A. sisters’ B. sister C. sisters D. sister’s 2. — Whose room is this — It’s ___________. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily’s 3. ___________ fathers can’t go to the class meeting because they have gone to business. A. Jack and Mike’s B. Jack’s and Mike’s C. Jack and Mike D. Jack’s and Mike 4. — How far is your home from school — It’s about two ___________ walk. A. hours B. hours’ C. hour’s D. hour 小结： 六、构词法——名词 动词变名词主要的几种后缀 （1）后加-(t)ion,表示“行为或状态”。如：action，collection，suggestion，invitation，information，instruction，exhibition，attraction，pollution，solution （2）后加-ment,表示“行为或结果”。如：achievement，management，amusement，requirement，statement，development，equipment，disagreement，advertisement，appointment （3）后加-er /or,表示“......的人”。如：reporter，waiter，interviewer，player，winner，farmer，learner，actor，visitor，collector，director，inventor （4）后加-ant,表示“......的人”。如：assistant，attendant，servant，merchant （5）后加-ist,表示“......专家，从事......的人”。如：tourist，violinist，pianist，artist，scientist （6）后加-ian/-an,表示“有......特征的，专长于......的人”。如：musician，historian，physician （7）后加-ice,表示“行为，性质，状态”。如：notice，justice，service，choice （8）后加-dom,表示“集体，领域，状态”。如：freedom，kingdom，wisdom 高考精萃 1．—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one —That's a good ________ (suggest)． 2．Her ________ (motive) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. 3．Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________(patient)． 4．While she was in Paris, she developed a ________ (tasty) for fine art. 5．My first ________(impress)of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 6．—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency —Well, you know, English is my ________(strong)．So it is my best choice. 7．You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________(refer)． 8．Your ________(perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn. 9．Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ________(commit), but now I know it was the best decision I ever made. 10. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional______(competent)． 11．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond________(recognize)． 12. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ________(accommodate) for the homeless families. 13．The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct ________(solve)． 答案与解析 1．suggestion 句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话，为什么不先买辆二手车呢？——那个建议不错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式，设空处前有不定冠词，故设空处填suggestion。 2．motivation 句意：她写作的动机是渴望为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式，此外后面的谓语动词为was，故设空处需用名词单数形式。 3．patience 句意：每当我犯错时，老师都会耐心地把它们指出来。设空处前面为介词with，故应填写名词patience(耐心)。 4．taste 句意：在巴黎期间，她培养了对美术的兴趣。冠词a后加名词，故填taste。 5．impression 句意：我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且有思想的年轻人。my first 修饰名词，所以填impress 的名词形式。 6．strength 句意：——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？——噢，你知道，英语是我的强项。因此这是我最好的选择。my 后接名词，所以此处填strong的名词形式，strength 长处。 7．reference 句意：为了以后参考，你最好记下那个饭馆的电话号码。reference 参考。 8．performance 句意：如果你能养成一种经常思考如何学习的习惯，那作为一名学生，你的表现会很优秀。设空处前面是形容词性物主代词your，故此处应填动词perform 的名词形式performance(表现)。 9．commitment 句意：放弃工作重返校园接受全日制的教育对我来说是个很大的投入，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好的决定。冠词修饰名词，故填commitment(承诺，许诺，保证；已承诺或同意的事)。 10．competence 句意：教师必须不断地更新自己的知识来保持专业能力。设空处前面是形容词，故需要填一个名词competence(能力，技能)。 11．recognition 句意：从Sara 还是个小女孩时起，我就没再见过她，她现在已经变得让我认不出了。beyond 为介词后加名词，故填recognition 认出，承认。 12．accommodation 句意：地震之后，当地政府做的第一件事是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。由语境(After the earthquake) 可知，对the homeless families 首先应当提供的是住处。provide 后接名词作宾语，故填accommodation。 13．solution 句意：学校顾问会帮你梳理一下你的问题，但是他们不会给你任何直接的解决办法。设空处前面有动词give，故需要填一个名词solution(解决方法)来作give 的宾语。 课堂总结： 家庭作业 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. After living in Quanzhou for five years, she has developed quite an ________(affect) for the city. 2．If a young man wants the ______(flexible) to move to a different city in future years, he should keep renting instead of buying a house. 3．Mr. Li has some trouble sleeping, so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common ________.(practise) 4．—We've been destroying lots of forests every year. —What a shame! We'll be the ________(victim) of our own foolish behavior. 5．The police are trying to find out the ________(identify) of the woman murdered in the bathroom. 6．He didn't make an appearance at all in yesterday's ________(negotiate). What happened to him 7．—I'm going to Appleby tomorrow. —What a ________(coincident)! I'm going up there too. 8．—How can I take the medicine, sir —Just follow the ________(direct) on the bottle. 9．A sense of ________ (devote) is the basic requirement for people working in the service industry, such as education and health care. 10．—Are you prepared for the coming interview —Of course. After all, some questions can be beyond ________(expect) and difficult to answer. 答案与解析 1．affection 句意：在泉州居住了五年后，她已经完全喜欢上了这个城市。affection 喜爱，钟爱。 2．flexibility 句意：如果一个年轻人想要在未来的几年里可以随意搬到不同的城市，他应该租房而不是买房。flexibility 弹性，灵活性。 3．practice 句意：李先生睡眠有些问题，所以每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶是他的惯例。practice 惯常做法，常规。common practice 惯例。 4．victims 句意：——我们每年都破坏大量森林。——太可惜了！我们会成为自己这种愚蠢行为的受害者。注意主语we 表示复数，故答案也需是复数形式。 5．identity 句意：警方正试图弄清浴室里被谋杀女人的身份。冠词后需为名词，本空应填identity 身份。 6．negotiation 句意：昨天的谈判上他根本没有露面，发生什么事了？根据yesterday's 可知，设空处需要填一个名词，故答案是negotiation (协商、谈判)。 7．coincidence 句意：——我明天打算去阿普比。——太巧了！我也打算去那里。本题考查名词。冠词后需用名词形式。 8．directions 句意：——医生，这个药怎么服用？——就遵照瓶子上的说明即可。directions 用法说明，follow the directions 遵循说明。 9．devotion 句意：对于从事像教育、医疗这样的服务业的人们来说，具有奉献意识是最基本的要求。设空处的前面是介词of，故应填名词devotion(奉献，忠心)。 10．expectation 句意：——你准备好即将到来的面试了吗？——当然准备好了。毕竟一些问题可能会出乎意料，很难回答。beyond expectation 出乎意料。 二、完形填空 I have two friends who love backpacking. They spent a lot of time in a part of New York State's Adirondack Mountains. It 21 46 mountains with a height of over 4,000 feet. The Adirondack Mountain Club gives 22 recognition, and an award, to anyone who 23 all 46 mountains. My two friends decided to go for this award. Now what you have to understand is that 24 many of the 46 mountains have well-marked 25 to their summits (山顶), others are not marked at all. You have to "bushwhack (在丛林中开路)" using a compass and a map. My friends had climbed 45 of the mountains. They had just one 26 — it was the most 27 requiring bushwhacking. A hiking path led past the base of the mountain, but from that point they were on their own. Early one morning they left their 28 and walked five miles on the hiking path to the base of a chain of mountains. When they arrived, they 29 that they had left their compass and map back in camp. Rather than 30 the camp, they decided to bushwhack without the compass and map. For hours they 31 uphill enduring heat, thick bush, and black flies. 32 , late in the afternoon they found themselves at the 33 of a mountain successfully. They were exhausted but 34 . The feeling was short-lived, however. When they looked across the valley, they 35 another higher mountain. They had climbed the 36 one! It was too 37 that weekend to put their error right. They had to 38 another four months to climb the right mountain. This story 39 us a good lesson. Often in life we put in a great effort to reach a goal. But without the right "map" and "compass", it is 40 to get "lost". 21. A. goes through B. consists of C. relies on D. connects to 22. A. special B. similar C. normal D. general 23. A. describes B. draws C. observes D. climbs 24. A. while B. since C. because D. unless 25. A. paths B. rivers C. views D. avenues 26. A. occupied B. left C. deserted D. missed 27. A. interesting B. changeable C. reachable D. remote 28. A. house B. room C. camp D. yard 29. A. ignored B. discovered C. sensed D. explained 30. A. departing from B. traveling to C. returning to D. going for 31. A. jumped B. wandered C. ran D. walked 32. A. Immediately B. Surely C. Finally D. Hopefully 33. A. bottom B. top C. slope D. base 34. A. embarrassed B. moved C. disturbed D. excited 35. A. admired B. checked C. saw D. appreciated 36. A. strange B. wrong C. distant D. steep 37. A. late B. dangerous C. puzzling D. helpless 38. A. save B. wait C. gain D. put 39. A. sends B. tells C. recommends D. teaches 40. A. easy B. hard C. annoying D. Discouraging 答案：BADAA BDCBC DCBDC BABDA 三、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year on the first Wednesday of March. It 41 _______(start) by the LitWorld.org website in 2010 and has now reached 65 countries. 42 aim is to encourage people worldwide who cannot read to enjoy the benefits of a book. The website asks everyone 43 (celebrate) the day by taking a book, finding an audience, and reading out aloud. It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write 44 (belong) to all people. The website asks visitors to join in the movement to reduce 45 number of illiterate (不识字的) people in the world. It is 46 (absolute) necessary to help those who cannot read. The website says, "It's time to start by reading aloud to 47________might like it. Share a book with a child who might need it, share a story with someone who would treasure it, listen patiently 48 someone else's story as they share with you." The United Nations says, "Literacy involves a variety of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge, 49 to participate fully in society." In that way, World Read Aloud Day does help make a 50 (different). 答案：41.was started 42.its/the 43. To celebrate 44.belongs 45.the 46.absolutely 47.whoever 48. to 49.and 50.difference 本文内容来源网络，如有侵权，请及时联系我们删除。 (责任编辑：admin) |