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高考网汇集整理《高一英语：过去分词作定语讲与练》 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。 一、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。 1、前置定语 单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。 A类:被动意义: an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。 B类:完成意义: a retired teacher 一位退休的教师 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。 2、后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如: This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written). 这将是这类小说中写得最好的。 Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀? 二、过去分词作表语 作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如: You seem frightened. 你看样子受了惊吓。 少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。如: They are gone for vacation. 他们度假去了。 注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)” 和 “系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。如: A. The library is now closed. 图书馆现在关门了。 B. The library is closed at six. 图书馆经常在六点钟关门。 说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A句是系表结构,B句是被动语态。 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 1990) A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 2. The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (NMET 1993) A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.(NMET 1998) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 4.—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? —The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers. (北京2002) A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made 5. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge. (上海2002) A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known Key: 1-5 ADCBD (责任编辑：admin) |