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2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that. 3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 1).This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 2).Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。 4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为"的"字结构);而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。(见上句翻译) 比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc. 1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life. 2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. 3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. 4. He was proud, which his brother never was. Ⅴ. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较: (A) that & which: 在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况. (1) 先行词为不定代词，如all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等。如： 1.We should do all that is useful to the people . 2.There's nothing that can be said about it . 3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? (2) 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。如： 1.The only thing that we could do was to wait. 2.That's the very word that is wrongly used. 3.The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. 4. You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free. 5. I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them. 6.比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. (3) 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。如： 1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. 2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. (4) 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如： 1.This is the best that can be done now. 2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. (5) 先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如： 1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . 2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police. (6) 被修饰词为数词时. 如： 1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive . (7) 如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。如： 1.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. (8) 疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。如： 1. Which is the book that you like best? 2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate? (9) 主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如： 1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. (10) 被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that . 如： 1. That's a good book that will help you a lot. 2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be . 定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况: (1) 当关系代词的前面有介词时. 如： 1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. 2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? (2) 在非限制性定语从句中. 如： 1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died . 2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句) (3) 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which . 如： 1. Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them. (4) 当关系代词后面带有插入语时. 如： 1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. (5) 先行词本身是that, 宜用which . 如： What's that which she is looking at? (6) 先行词是those+复数名词. 如： A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. (B) who & that: who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that (1) 先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如： 1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well. 2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason . 3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once 4.I don't like the ones (= those ) who talk big. 5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised. (2) 在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如： 1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you . 2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如： 1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well. (4) 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that ,另一个则宜用who, 以免重复. 如： The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard . (责任编辑：admin) |