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高考网汇集整理《高一英语语法专项：禁毒》 核心词汇 1.It is _____________ (违法的)to sell tobacco to someone under 16. 2.She had been falsely accused of_____________ (偷窃)in a clothing store. 3.Students often see little _____________(联系) between school and the rest of their lives. 4. Small businesses will need to _____________(减少)costs in order. 5. Habitual ____________(罪犯)should receive tougher punishments than firsttime offenders. 6. Immigrants have had a _____________(有力的) influence on the local culture. 7. It is important to ____________ (认识)how little we know about this disease. 8.Students were handing out election_____________ (传单) at the street. 9.Heroin is ____________.He is a heroin _____________.He became ____________to drugs when he was young.And the_____________ cost him his wealth and health.(addict) 10. Trading has been adversely____________by the downtown in consumer spending .It is supposed that the_____________will last a year.(affect) 1.illegal 2.shoplifting 3.connection 4.reduce 5. criminals 6.powerful 7.recognize 8.leaflets 9. addictive;addict;addicted ;addiction 10.affected;effect 高频短语 1.__________________ 查阅 2.________________ 强行闯入;破门而入 3.________________ 有可能做…… 4.________________ 定下一个日期 5.________________ 和……有关 6.________________ 属于 7.________________ 代替 8.________________ 听取某人的建议 9._________________ 为了 10.________________ 放弃;戒除 11.________________ 对……上瘾;沉迷于 1.look up 2.break into 3.be likely to do 4.set a date,5.be related to 6.belong to 7.instead of 8.take one’s advice 9.in order to/so as to 10.give up 11.become addicted to 重点句式 1....I________________ be a drug addict. ……我曾经是个瘾君子。 2.Users _________________ the drug are also ____________they_____________ needles____________other users. 如果那些注射毒品的人和其他吸毒者共用针头的话，他们会面临更多危险。 Now I work in a centre for drug addicts, ________________________________________ . 现在我在一家戒毒所工作，帮助其他的吸毒者戒毒。 4.How many of them break the law ______________ pay for their drugs? 他们中有多少人为了买毒品而犯法? 5.Some people feel ________________nervous when they see drug users ______________ they call the police. 一些人看到瘾君子很害怕就报警了。 6.It was _______________ loud music ____________ we couldn’t hear ourselves speak. 音乐如此大声以至于我们听不到自己说话。 7.I ______________ agree______________. 我非常同意。(我再同意不过了。) 8.________________ you’re doing when you want to smoke—do something else! 无论你在做什么，当你想抽烟时，做点别的事吧! 1.used to 2.who inject;in more danger if ;share;with 3.helping others to stop taking drugs 4.in order to,5.so;that 6.such;that 7.couldn’t;more 8.Whatever 知识详解 ① reduce vt. 减少;缩减;约束，限制;使降低，降职; 使……变为(某个状态)(回归课本P12) reduce...to...把……减少到……,reduce...by...把……减少了……,reduce sb.to doing sth.迫使某人做某事;使某人不得不做某事,reduction n.缩小，减少;缩版,make a reduction减价 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①The expenses have been reduced to 1,000 yuan one month. 每月的费用已降到1,000元。 ②The expenses have been reduced by 200 yuan one month. 每月的费用已降了200元。 ③Eventually Charlotte was reduced to begging on the streets. 最后夏洛特被迫沦落到沿街乞讨。 ④We can make a reduction if you buy in bulk. 如果你大批购买，我们可以降低价格。 1.Many students have dropped out of school and now the number of our class has ________50. A.reduced by B.reduced to C.increased to D.increased by 解析：选B。reduce...to后面数字指减少后的总量，reduce...by后面数字指纯减少的量或比率。由上面说到drop，故排除C、D。 【即境活用】 ★2. Since then the number of people stopping smoking ________10%. A.has reduced to B.reduces by C.has reduced by D.reduces to 解析：选C。由since then可判断主句应用现在完成时，排除B、D两项;再根据句意“自从那时戒烟人数减少了10%”，强调差额用介语by，故选C。 ② likely adj. 很可能的，看来要发生的;(像是)可靠的，可信的;似乎有理的 adv. 很可能 (回归课本P9) Drug users are more likely to get into trouble at school. 吸毒者更有可能在学校遇到麻烦。 【归纳总结】 ① It is likely that he will be late. =He is likely to be late.他可能会迟到。 ②“He said you’d be giving them a lift.” “Not likely!” “他说你会让他们搭便车。”“绝不可能!” ③It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 如果继续吸烟，你很可能会健康状况不佳。 ④That means the price is likely to go down because of the competition.这意味着价格有可能因为竞争而下降。 【例句探源】 likely，possible，probable 三者都有“可能的”之意，区别如下： (1)likely是形容词，表示某事很可能发生，与probable 意思相近，但主语可以是人也可以是物。常用于“It is likely that...或sb./sth.be likely to do...”句型中，但不能说“It is likely for sb.to do sth.”。 (2)possible可能性相对小，作表语时，主语不能是人，常用句式为“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that...”。 【易混辨析】 (3)probable 带有“很可能”的意味，语气比possible强，作表语时不能用人或不定式作主语，常用句式为“It is probable that...”。 ①It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that. ②It’s possible_to break with old habits. ③It is _probable that he will succeed. ★3.Young Americans who don’t go to university ________get jobs which bring low income. A.are likely to B.are possible to C.were able to D.liked to 解析：选A。句意是：没有上大学的美国年轻人可能做一些低收入的工作。likely可用于sb./sth.is likely to do而possible不能。 【即境活用】 4.(2010年山东青岛质检)A senior firefighter said it was__________that the fire，which broke out at midnight，was caused by someone on purpose. A.possibly B.likely C.probably D.obviously 解析：选B。根据It is likely that……句型得出答案，其它三个词都是副词，不能用于该句型。 ③ affect vt. 影响，对……有坏影响;(疾病)侵袭;假装;喜欢 (回归课本P9) Smoking in a park doesn’t affect other people in the same way. 在公园吸烟不会以同样的方式影响别人。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives. 彼得?泰勒试图弄清计算机和互联网将如何影响我们的生活。 ②(牛津P31)They were deeply affected by the news of her death. 她死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。 ③(2010年高考辽宁卷)The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature. 这项实验表明我们的生物钟受光线和温度的影响。 ④She was affected with high fever. 她发高烧。 affect，effect，influence 三个词都有“影响”的意思。 (1)affect指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思。 (2)effect作“影响”讲时，通常用作名词，构成have an effect on“对……有影响”。effect作动词时，指“使(某事物)产生;使发生;引起”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。 (3)influence指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”。 【易混辨析】 ①The games don’t have a(n) _effect on grownups but affect students a great deal. ②Influenced by a high school biology teacher，he took up the study of medicine. ③This book effected a change in my opinion. 5.Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ________the quality of the programs. A.lessened B.declined C.affected D.effected 解析：选C。句意为：批评家认为电视被大量的广告所控制，这影响了节目的质量。affect常指不好的影响;lessen“减少”;decline“降低”，指力量、权力、数量等的削减;effect“引起;产生”，只有affect符合句意。 【即境活用】 ④ recognise vt. 辨认出;认出;认识到;认知 (回归课本P19)Participants learn to recognise smoking triggers... 参与者学会分辨吸烟的诱因…… 【归纳总结】 recognise sb./sth.as/to be承认某人/物是……;认出某人/物是…… It’s recognised that...人们意识到…… ①Salera came home so thin and weak that her own children hardly recognised her. 赛莉娅回家时又瘦又弱，连她自己的孩子都几乎认不出她来了。 ②He is recognised as the head of the company. 他被认为是公司的领导。 ③It was recognised that he was not qualified for the work. 人们认识到他做这项工作不合格。 【例句探源】 recognise，know (1)recognise 指把原来认识的人/物再次“辨认出”，是非延续性动词。 (2)know“认识并熟悉某人/物”，是延续性动词。 ①Sometimes we can’t recognise,_one’s voice on the phone even though we know him/her. ②I know him so well that I can recognise his steps. 【易混辨析】 6.(2010年高考辽宁卷)Alexander tried to get his work________in the medical circles. A.to recognize B.recognizing C.recognize D.recognized 解析：选D。句意：Alexander试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。get sth.done表示使某事物被做，如get my hair cut表示理发;get her finger burnt表示她的手指被烧伤。 【即境活用】 ★7.—Oh，it’s you，Alice.I________you.You look much thinner than before. —Not surprising.I’m on a diet. A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recognize 解析：选A。本题强调是刚才没认出，故用一般过去时态。 ⑤ break into 闯入，破门而入;突然……起来 (回归课本P13) The next day，I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder. 第二天，我闯入一户人家，偷了一台电视机和一台录像机。 break out突然爆发 break up打碎;拆散;分解 结束,break in打断(谈话); 突然闯入(in是副词) break through突破 break down瓦解，损坏，分解;机器坏了;失败;身体垮了 break away from摆脱(束缚);克服(习惯) break off中断，折断，突然停止 【归纳总结】 ①Thieves broke into our house while we were away on holiday. 我们外出度假时，小偷闯入了我们家。 ②On hearing the news that the war was over ，the old woman broke into tears. 听到战争结束的消息，老人突然哭了起来。 ③Don’t break into their conversation;they are discussing something important. 不要打断他们的谈话，他们正在讨论重要的事情。 【例句探源】 break into，break in 两者都有“闯入”之意。break into中，into是介词，后需接宾语;break in 是不及物动词短语，其中in是副词，不接宾语。另外，break into还有“突然……起来”之意，相当于burst into;break in还可以表示“插嘴”等。 ①We had to break_into the house as we had lost the key. ②Never break_in while others are talking. 【易混辨析】 8.(2010年海南三亚模拟)You’ll________sooner or later if you keep working like that. A.break off B.break down C.break into D.break out 解析：选B。句意：如果你继续那样工作，身体迟早会垮掉的。break down“垮掉”，符合题意。 【即境活用】 ★9. Scientists hope to________soon in their fight against the H1N1 flu virus. A.break up B.break out C.break through D.break in 解析：选C。句意为：科学家们希望能尽快在应对甲型H1N1流感病毒方面有所突破。break up“分解，打破”;break out“发生，爆发”;break through“突破”;break in“闯入，打断(谈话)”，据句意可知答案为C。 ⑥ give up 放弃;交出，让出;认输 (回归课本P13)And here are some ideas to help people to give up smoking. 这儿有一些帮助人们戒烟的方法。 give away分发;放弃;泄露 give back归还;恢复 give forth发出(气味、声音等);发表 give in屈服;让步;同意 give off发出(蒸汽、光等) give out分发，发出(气味、热等);发表，用完，耗尽;精疲力竭 【归纳总结】 ①When Ed left ，she gave up hope of ever marrying. 埃德离开时，她彻底放弃了结婚的希望。 ②In the crowded bus ，the young people gave up their seats to the old people. 在拥挤的公共汽车上，年轻人把座位让给老年人。 ③The doctor told him to give up smoking and drinking. 医生要他戒烟戒酒。 ④She has never given up her secrets to others. 她从不把秘密透露给别人。 【例句探源】 10.We haven’t heard from her for long，so we give her________for dead. A.out B.in C.up D.away 解析：选C。give out“用完，用尽”;give in“让步，投降”;give up“放弃，不抱希望”;give away“泄露，分发”。由句意可知，此处指“对她不抱任何希望”，故答案为C。 【即境活用】 ★11.He pretended to be a German，but his Swedish accent gave himself________. A.away B.up C.off D.out 解析：选A。考查give的固定短语。句意：他假装是德国人，但他的瑞典口音使他暴露了。“暴露”应用give away。give up指“放弃”;give off 指“放出，发出”;give out指“发出，分发”。 句型梳理 ①【教材原句】 Now I work in a centre for drug addicts，helping others to stop taking drugs.(P13) 现在，我在一个戒毒中心工作，帮助其他吸毒者戒毒。 【句法分析】 本句中的helping others to stop taking drugs是v.ing形式在句子中作状语，表示方式或伴随情况。 ①The little girl stood there，crying for milk. 这个小女孩站在那儿，哭着要牛奶喝。 ②He worked late into the night，preparing an important report. 他工作到深夜，在准备一个重要的报告。 ③The teacher stood at the entrance，blocking the children’s way. 老师站在入口处，挡住了孩子们的路。 ★12.(2010年高考四川卷)The lawyer listened with full attention，________to miss any point. A.not trying B.trying not C.to try not D.not to try 解析：选B。句意：这名律师全神贯注地听，尽力不错过任何要点。本题考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。不定式作状语时和前面的部分如用逗号隔开，表示意想不到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式前通常加only或never，所以动词不定式在结构和题意上都不符合本题的要求，D项被排除;A、C两项结构错误，也被排除。 【即境活用】 13.(2010年高考重庆卷) The news shocked the public，________to great concern about students’ safety at school. A.having led B.led C.leading D.to lead 解析：选C。句意：这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。考查非谓语动词作结果状语。首先排除B和D两项; having done指动作先于谓语动词发生，在此不符合语境，故只能选择C。 ② 【教材原句】 Whatever you’re doing when you want to smoke—do something else!(P19) 无论你在做什么，当你想抽烟时，做点别的事吧! 【句法分析】 考查whatever的用法。(1)引导让步状语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，其含义相当于no matter what，意为“无论，不管”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。 (2)引导名词性从句(宾语从句或主语从句)，可看作是what的强调说法，其含义相当于anything that 或all that，whatever在句中起双重作用，既起先行词与关系代词的作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语等。 (3)however/whenever/wherever只引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how/when/where引导的从句。 (4)whoever/whichever同whatever一样，既能引导状语从句也能引导名词性从句。 ①Whatever he did，his parents supported him. =No matter what he did，his parents supported him. 不管他做什么，他父母都支持他。 ②I don’t believe whatever he said. 我不相信他说的一切。 ③I’ll take whatever help I can get. 任何帮助我都接受。 14.(2010年高考浙江卷)—How about camping this weekend，just for a change? —OK，________you want. A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever 解析：选C。句意：“这个周末我们换一下去野营怎么样啊?”“好的。你想做什么就做什么。”答语为省略句式，全句应为：OK，whatever you want to do.whichever 不论哪个;however无论怎样;whatever无论什么，不管什么;whoever不论是谁。 【即境活用】 ★15.The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ________the season. A.whatever B.wherever C.whenever D.however 解析：选A。句意：无论什么季节，这位律师除了一套西装以外，很少穿其他的(衣服)。whatever引导让步状语从句，whatever the season即whatever the season is。wherever无论什么地方;whenever无论什么时候;however无论怎样，均不符合语境要求。 (责任编辑：admin) |