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二. 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态概述 被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw thelittle boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seencrying by the river. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下： 1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 例如：Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 例如：These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词 例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 例如：Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 When he got there，the problem was being discussed. 6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished?Yes，it has. / No，it hasn’t. 7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词 注意： 1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get，stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered. 2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。 例如：More attention should be paid to the old in this country. This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes. 3. 含有“be going to”，“be to”等结构的谓语，其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to+ be + 过去分词”。 例如：The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting. All these books are to be taken to the library. 4.被动语态与系表结构的区别：“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构，与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by引出动作的执行者，而后者则不可以。 例如：The map was changed by someone.(被动结构) That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构) (责任编辑：admin) |