Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero 语言要点(模块) 单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点) 词汇 部分 词语 辨析 1. fight for/against/with 2. reward / award 3. accept / receive 4. since / because / as / for 词形 变化 1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的 cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍 2. hope n. v.希望; 期望 hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的 hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的 3. educate vt. 教育 education n. 教育; 教育体制 educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的 重点 单词 1. devote vt. 投入;献身 2. vote v. 投票(决定);选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数 3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答 4. equal adj. 平等的;相等的 5. advise v. 建议 重点 词组 1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁 2. out of work 失业,出问题 3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 重点句子 1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 重点语法 定语从句 (见语法部分) Ⅰ 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. fight for/against/with 【解释】 fight for/against/with fight for 为……而斗争;努力争取 fight against 与……作斗争 fight with 和……并肩作战，和……打仗/打架/斗争 【练习】用正确的fight短语填空 1). We will have to ________ difficulties. 2). They told the workers to _________ their rights. 3). During World War II, the British _________ Frenchmen against Germans. Keys: 1). fight against 2). fight for 3). fought with 2. reward / award 【解释】 award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”、“奖”; reward作名词时，作“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”讲。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). The film ________ are presented annually. 2). A __________ was offered for the return of the passport. Keys: 1). awards 2). reward 3. accept / receive 【解释】 accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同” receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎” 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 I ________ his letter of invitation, but I didn't ________ it. Keys: received…accept 4. since / because / as / for 【解释】 since =now that 意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。 because表语气最强, 经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答why的提问。 as 可和because互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答why的提问。 for 是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用,其前常有逗号隔开。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). I can’t go _________ I’m ill. 2). ________ the rain has stopped, let’s go out for a walk. 3). ________ I’m leaving tomorrow, I’ve bought you a gift. 4). It must have rained last night, ________ the ground is wet. Keys: 1). because 2). Since 3). As 4). for II词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料) 1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的 cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍 2. hope n. v.希望; 期望 hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的 hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的 3. educate vt. 教育 education n. 教育; 教育体制 educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1) She is a highly ________ woman (educate) 2) Parents should _________ their children to behave well. (educate) 3) A child receives its early _________ at home. (educate) 4) Many a young _________ went to Hollywood. (hope) 5) Our ________ for fine weather were not disappointed. (hope) 6) Most of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a ________ case. (hope) 7) Don't be ________ to animals. (cruel) 8) He saw a lot of _________ in the prison camp. (cruel) Keys: 1) educated 2) educate 3) education 4) hopeful 5) hopes 6) hopeless 7) cruel 8) cruelty Ⅲ重点词汇 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料) 1. devote vt. 投入;献身 [典例] 1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。 2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。 [重点用法] devote… to… 献身于;专心于 在devote… to…短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有： pay attention to(注意……); stick to(坚持……); lead to(导致……); prefer…to(相比……更喜欢……); look forward to(盼望……); [练习] 中译英 1). 她深爱她的孩子。 2). 我们应全力以赴地工作。 Keys: 1). She is devoted to her children. 2). We should devote all our efforts to our tasks. 2. vote v. 投票(决定);选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数 [典例] 1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。 2). We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。 3). The votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。 [重点用法] vote down 投票否决;投票击败 vote in 投票选出;选举 vote through 表决通过 put… to the vote 将……付诸表决 take/have a vote on 对……进行表决 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 [练习]用恰当的介词或副词填空。 1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority. 2). Shall we take a vote the question? 3). The issue was put the vote. 4). Was the vote or the matter? Keys: 1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against 3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答 [典例] 1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。 2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励来报答我。 [重点用法] in reward (for…) 作为(对……的)报酬、报答 give a reward to sb. for sth. 为……给某人报酬、赏金 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因……报答、奖赏某人 reward sb. with sth. 用……报答、奖赏某人 [练习] 中译英 1). 她的善良没有得到任何回报。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 她向他报之以一笑。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 2). She rewarded him with a smile. 4. equal adj. 平等的;相等的 [典例] 1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。 2). All people are born equal. 人人生来平等。 [重点用法] be equal to 与……相等 be equal with 与……平等 [练习] 中译英 1). 一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 他们认为，在上帝眼中穷人和富人是平等的。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer. 2). They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich. 5. advise v. 建议 [典例] 1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那个问题上，我给过你建议. 2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语. 3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isn’t ripe. 我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果. [重点用法] advise sb. on sth. 就……给某人出主意 advise +n. /pron. 建议…… advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干…… advise (one’s) doing sth. 建议(某人)干…… advise + (that) sb. (should) do advice n. 建议;意见 a piece of advice 一条建议 go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议;征询某人的意见 give advice to sb. on sth. 就……对某人提供建议 follow sb’s advice = take sb’s advice 接受某人的建议 [练习] 中译英 1). 我建议换个方式。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 我们建议他们应该及早开始。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). I'd advise taking a different approach. 2). We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early. Ⅳ 重点词组 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料) 1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁 [典例] 1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years. 他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。 2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西, 他曾在监狱呆过5年. [短语归纳] put…in prison = send…to prison = throw …into prison 把……投入监狱 The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。 [练习] 用be, put, send, throw的恰当形式填空。 1). The lawyer finally the murderer into prison. 2). The robber in prison for several years. 3). The thief begged the guard for not him to prison. 4). Last year, the man in prison for stealing a car. Keys: 1). threw 2). has been 3). sending 4). was put 2. out of work 失业,出问题 [典例] 1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。 2). Mary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。 [短语归纳] in work 有工作 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦 out of use 没用了 out of date 过时 out of order 次序颠倒;出故障 out of control 失控 out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。 [练习]用适当的介词(短语)填空。 1). Although my computer is date now, but it’s still use. 2). After fours’ operation, the patient has been danger. Keys: 1). out of; in 2). out of 3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 [典例] 1). He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。 2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。 [短语归纳] lose one's job 失业 lose one's balance 失去平衡 lose one's breath上气不接下气 lose one's heart (to sb/sth) 爱上 lose one's life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱 [练习] 中译英 1). 不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). Don’t lose heart, all will turn out well. 2). She lost her heart to a young soldier. V 重点句子 (旨在提供句子结构等所需材料) 1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。 [解释] 这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。 类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句 Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed? 拓展： 介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。 He is the boss of the restaurant where (= in which) we often have lunch. Today when (= on which) the product will be put into use will come soon. The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable. [练习] 中译英 1). 你能想起让你尴尬的情形吗? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 他迟到的原因令人难以置信。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed? 2). The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable. 新 课 标 第 一 网 2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。 [解释]当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。 Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。 Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息. Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。 [练习] 中译英 1). 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 2). Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 单元自测 (模块) 1完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 字数：214 完成时间：14分钟 难度：** On Keeping a Diary in English Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. Compared with other forms of writing, it is 21 and takes less time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we 22 to this practice, gradually, we'll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly 23 up against a lot of difficulties. In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding 24 words and phrases to give 25 to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely 26 for us to put them into English properly. Surely, there are some other 27 we may come across in keeping a diary in English. As far as I am concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a(n) 28 and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy 29 . Whenever something beats us, we can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also 30 to English teachers for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills. 21. A. longer B. shorter C. thicker D. better 22. A. insist B. stick C. contribute D. refer 23. A. run B. bring C. come D. turn 24. A. approximate B. appropriate C. appreciative D. approachable 25. A. idea B. advice C. expression D. explanation 26. A. easy B. hard C. good D. bad 27. A. roadblocks B. methods C. ways D. objects 28. A. pen B. backpack C. eraser D. notebook 29. A. hand B. sight C. reach D. ability 30. A. run B. turn C. fly D. oppose 答案： 21.B.下文提到需要更少的时间，所以应该是比较短而不是更长或者更厚，这里没有比较质量问题，所以不可能是“更好”。 22.B.考察动词短语。根据意义，应该用stick to表示坚持。insist on坚持;contribute to对……有贡献;refer to参考;谈到;涉及。 23.A. 考察动词短语。run up against遭遇<困难);bring up抚养;come up against面对;遭到……的反对。 24.B.根据上文提到的写英语日记的困难，应该是“在找合适的词语时会有困难。” 25.C. 写英语日记的目的是为了提高写作技巧，提高自我表达能力，因此应该是在找合适的词语进行，自我表达。 26.B.这段话的大意是在谈论写英语日记的困难或者会遇到的问题，所以可确定答案是hard. 27.A. roadblocks障碍。从上文和there are some other可以看出这里是说：还有其他的困难/障碍，重要的信息词是：other。 28.D. 从下文We can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary可以直接找到信息。 29.C. 根据句子的意义和搭配：within (one's) reach 可以确定选项。 30.B.turn to sb for help向某人求助。 2语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。 字数：147 完成时间：9分钟 难度：*** Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is 31 mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is 32 there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more 33 (disagree) in interest, and more groups and organizations 34 different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in 35 (mix) societies. 36 these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are 37 (few) occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because 38 seems to be the same. And 39 conditions may not be satisfactory, 40 are at least customary and doubtless. 答案： 31.a 32.that 33.disagreements 34.with 35.mixed 36.All 37.fewer 38.everything 39.although 40.they 本文讲的是不同种类的人融合在一起的社会较人们在许多方面具有相似观点的社会变化更快： 31.a.指“一种”有各种不同人的混合型社会。 32.that在 the reason for/why…is that…句型中，习惯上用that引导表语从句。 33.disagreements.在there are后与ideas并列一定是名词，且也要用复数表示“不同意见”。 34.with.指“具有”不同信仰的群体或组织。 35.mixed.因societies与mix是被动关系，用动词的-ed形式作定语，表示“混合的”。 36.All.指上述提到的“所有”这些因素都会促使社会变化。 37.fewer.指在“人们在许多方面具有相似观点的社会”较在“不同人混合的社会里”，人们觉得有必要改变的机会“更少”。 38.everything.everything在原因状语从句中作主语，表示“一切、所有事情”。 39.a1though/ though.由前后两个分句的逻辑意义可知填表示“尽管，虽然”的连词。 40.they.指前面的conditions。 (责任编辑：admin) |