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When nature is left alone, a balance is reached among the animals and plants living in one area. But when man starts his work in nature, the balance is likely to be destroyed. He grows a crop and takes it away to eat ;then there are no dead leaves to fall on the ground, holding water while it sinks into the surface, or decaying (腐烂) and adding humus (腐殖质) to the soil. Unless a farmer acts with knowledge and skill, he is therefore most likely to make the land poorer. To take the place of the useful matter in the crops that he removes, he uses some kind of fertilizer (肥料). Chemical fertilizers are of great help, but the waste products of animals and decaying remains of plants should also be put on the land. In some places, it is a habit to burn waste material lying about, but such burning destroys the useful matter in the dead plants. Although the ashes that are left are valuable when put on the land, a better practice is to bury the waste so that it decays and increases the humus in the soil. In the past, when the world population was much lower than it is now, a man had little difficulty in ordinary times in growing the food that was needed. When a field had been used some years and had become tired, the farmer could move to another place. The tired land then slowly recovered. By and by grasses and other plants would appear on it and its productive power would slowly return to normal through their decay. But nature, left alone, would take a long time to bring back the land to its former state; the length of time required would depend on local conditions, but it might well be ten years. It is a bad practice to grow the same crop in a field year after year. If the crop is changed, the land will suffer less because it is treated and used in a different way. Different plants have different effects on the soil. Therefore, a change of crop will do less harm than the growing of the same crop year after year and a regular change to grass will do good to the soil. Much will therefore be gained if different crops are grown one after another, a method known as the rotation (轮作) of crops. 55. According to the passage, the land will become poorer ( ) A. if all the dead leaves are cleared away B. if the humus is increased after the harvest C. if dead leaves decay in the soil by themselves D. if waste plant material lying about is buried 56. We can learn from the passage that the tired land has slowly recovered ( ) A. when grasses and other plants appear again B. when the treatment is given by nature alone C. after new grasses and other plants have decayed again D. after nature has been left alone for several months 57. A modern farmer can hardly move to another place as he did before because ( ) A. the productive power of a new field isn't higher than that of an old one B. there are few free fields left for him to do farming C. it takes a farmer more than ten years to start farming in a new field D. there will be too many grasses in a new field to grow crops 58. It is most likely that the author will go on to ( ) in the paragraph following the passage above. A. introduce other methods of planting crops B. deal with how to prevent land getting tired C. start another topic of how to make use of land D. further explain what the rotation of crops is C Career education is instruction intended to help young people identify, choose, and prepare for a career. Such instruction may focus on a person's role in work, leisure, or family life. Career education differs from vocational education, which is designed to teach specific occupational skills. Career education includes the formal and informal learning that occurs in the family, in the community, and in schools. In schools, career education consists of instructive activities included in many courses. These activities are designed to improve the attitudes, knowledge, and skills important for work roles. Career education helps students develop self- understanding and use it to plan their education and working life. A complete career education program in school begins in kindergarten and continues at least through high school. Many colleges and universities also offer career education through their counseling (咨询) programs. In kindergartens and elementary schools, youngsters learn about different types of work. In middle schools or junior high school, children begin to explore the occupations and leisure activities that interest them most. In high school, students get more specific information about occupations and life styles. They may be in classroom, small group, or individual sessions where they learn how to make career decisions. They also should obtain the skills they need for further study or for a job after graduation. Counselors provide information on such matters as how to locate and apply for jobs and how to be successful in interviews. Teachers and counselors use a variety of methods to provide career education, including films about occupations or industries. Children may invite parents or other adults to come to school and describe their jobs. A student may accompany a worker on the job. Cooperative education combines classroom study with practical work experience. 59. According to the passage, which statement is true? ( ) A. Career education is carried out in primary schools only. B. Career education is carried out in middle schools only. C. Career education is carried out in colleges only. D. Career education is carried out in the whole process of people's education - from kindergarten to university. (责任编辑：admin) |