|
语法可以说是不少同学的心头痛，小编将持续为大家整理高考英语语法易错点，及经典练习题，每一道题都有专业解析，语法薄弱的同学考前一定好好看！下面是名词性从句主谓一致常考题，来练习吧！  【走进高考】 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 【语法精讲】  主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 考点一 语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 ◆(湖南卷)All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health. 所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。 ◆What he said is far from the truth. 他的话与事实相差太远了。 2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 ◆The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师一样去年得到了一次出国的机会。 ◆I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 3．and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ◆Her teacher and her friends are in the sittingroom. 她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。 ◆The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。 4．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 ◆My friend showed me around the town, which was very kind of him. 我的朋友真是太好了，他带我参观了这个小镇。 5．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 ◆Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。 ◆Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。 [对点演练]——单句语法填空 1．(湖南卷)Listening to loud music at rock concerts has(have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers. 考点二 意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 ◆The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls, were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday. 这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成，昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会。 形式为单数但意义为复数概念的集合名词(如people, police等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 ◆About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 ◆Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。 3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ◆The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。 4．a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 ◆A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project. 大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。 5．“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ◆The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。 6．表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 ◆Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。 [对点演练]——单句语法填空 1．(山东卷)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has(have) been rising steadily since 1990. 2．(湖南卷)We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks is(be) so small that a day is unimportant. 考点三 就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 1．由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)．.., not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 ◆Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons. 不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。 ◆(湖南卷)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 2．在there be句型中，若有n个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 ◆There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 [对点演练]——单句语法填空 1．(2019·南昌重点中学段考)It is not I but you who are(be) the first to run to the goal in that competition. 2．(2019·广东七校联考)Neither he nor I am(be) willing to go shopping with you today because of so much work to do. 正确判断主谓一致 分析句子成分，找准句子主语，判断句子主语是单数还是复数。再根据主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则及就近一致原则判断谓语动词的单复数。 [例] (福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. [分析] was invited主语后还有as well as 连接的成分时，谓语动词应和主语保持人称和数的一致，故谓语动词应与The famous musician在数上保持一致，故用第三人称单数形式；且musician与invite之间为被动关系，再根据句中标志词at the opening ceremony...Expo可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was invited。 。 【高考模拟】 1．(2019·甘肃兰州一中月考)Each student (learn) a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education. learns 解析：主语是each student，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2．(2019·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟)He has donated some money to those who live in poverty, which (be) of great help. is 解析：句意：他给那些生活贫困的人捐了一些钱，这帮了大忙。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容，故从句谓语动词应用单数；根据空前的has donated可知此处应用一般现在时。故填is。 3．(2019·四川部分名校联测)At the foot of the mountain (lie) an old village which has a beautiful view. lies 解析：当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a beautiful view后，还原成正常语序为：An old village (lie) at the foot of the mountain.。句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填lies。 4．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)The publication of Great Expectations, which (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. was 解析：句意：受到广泛好评和高度称赞的《远大前程》的出版巩固了狄更斯作为一名杰出小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知，which引导定语从句，其先行词是Great Expectations，这是一本书，所以定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，另根据strengthened可知，此处应用一般过去时，故用was。 5．(2019·浙江金丽衢十二校联考)She took the lift to the eleventh floor, and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer (be)． were 解析：在where引导的宾语从句中，主语是her desk and her computer，谓语动词须用复数形式。 6．(2019·吉林长春外国语学校质检)What they need most (be) money while what we need most (be) textbooks. is; are 解析：what引导的从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分是系表结构，主句谓语动词的数通常要与作表语的名词/代词的数保持一致，money为不可数名词，textbooks为可数名词复数，故第一空用is，第二空用are。 7．(2019·湖南怀化一模)More than one doctor (be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake. was 解析：句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。 8．(2019·湖南师大附中月考)Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture, and he as well as his assistants (be) to arrive by air. is 解析：句意：詹姆斯教授将给我们做一次关于西方文化的演讲，他和他的助理将乘飞机到达。as well as连接并列成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面主语保持一致。 9．(2019·河南部分重点中学联考)A survey of the opinions of experts (show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week (be) good for one’s health. shows；is 解析：主句主语是A survey，故主句谓语用单数，第一空填shows；第二空前的three hours of outdoor exercise a week表示整体概念，故从句谓语动词用单数形式。 10．(2019·河北武邑中学第二次调研)There (be) a dog and three ducks in the yard, in the middle of which (be) two tall trees with great shade. is；are 解析：在there be句式中，谓语动词的数取决于最靠近be的名词(短语)，由题干中的a dog可知，第一空用is。第二空用are, two tall trees with great shade表示复数概念，作表语的介词短语提前构成了倒装。 语法填空 (2019·烟台一模)People release balloons for special occasions like memorial services and grand openings. It is fun and exciting. But it really causes great destruction to the environment and threatens the 1. (life) of our wildlife. When a balloon 2. (fly) into the sky, it doesn’t end up 3. (stay) there. It eventually bursts and returns to the earth as ugly litter. Balloons can even travel thousands of miles and pollute the most remote and pure places. More 4. (sad), they can present a threat to many animals. Birds, whales, turtles and other animals often mistake balloons 5. food, which can do damage to them because balloons contain 6. (harm) chemicals. Balloons even kill animals. When an animal swallows a balloon, it can block its intestinal tract(肠道) resulting in starvation. Part of the reason why releasing balloons 7. (permit) in so many places is that some balloons do break down eventually. However, it takes about four years 8. (break) down completely. Watching hundreds of balloons slowly going up into the sky might give you a five second thrill, 9. is it worth a bunch of dead animals and so many places full of rubbish? Absolutely not. 10. we should do is to get creative and come up with alternative ways to celebrate. 【解题导语】 在纪念仪式和盛大的开幕式等特殊场合，人们会放气球来增加气氛，虽然有趣且令人兴奋，但同时也会对环境造成很大的破坏，威胁野生动物的生命安全。 1．lives 解析：考查名词的复数形式。life为可数名词，此处指野生动物的生命，因此用复数形式。 2．flies 解析：考查主谓一致。句子的主语是a balloon，且由主句谓语doesn’t end up可知，从句谓语动词应用一般现在时、单数形式。 3．staying 解析：考查非谓语动词。end up doing sth.以……告终。 4．sadly 解析：考查词性转换。此处作状语，故用副词形式。 5．for 解析：考查介词。mistake...for...把……误认为……。 6．harmful 解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词chemicals应用形容词形式。 7．is permitted 解析：考查被动语态。动名词短语releasing balloons作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，且releasing balloons与permit为被动关系，故用被动语态。 8．to break 解析：考查非谓语动词。it takes some time to do sth.花费多少时间做某事。 9．but 解析：考查连词。前后句为转折关系，故用but。 10．What 解析：考查名词性从句。主语从句中do后缺少宾语，指所做的事情，故填what。 本文内容综合来源网络，编辑，如有侵权，请及时联系删除。 (责任编辑：admin) |