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语法可以说是不少同学的心头痛，小编将持续为大家整理高考英语语法易错点，及经典练习题，每一道题都有专业解析，语法薄弱的同学考前一定好好看！下面是名词常考题练习及解析，来练习吧！  1. 【2019·江苏卷 】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。 2. 【2018·江苏】Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made. A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词，词义辨析及语境理解。 句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment 分配； B. association 交往； C. acquisition 获得；D. assumption 假设。故选D。 3. .【2019·天津卷 】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways. A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。 4.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。 5. 【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made. A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尝试理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。 6. 【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). 【答案】causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。 7. 【2018·浙江卷 】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. 【答案】dishes 【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。 8. 【2018·浙江卷 】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems. 【答案】weight 【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。 9. 【2018·天津】The _______ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the other space. A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其他星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice 建议； B. order命令； C. possibility 可能性； D. invitation 邀请。 故选C。 10. 【2016·天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight. A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。 11. 【2016·浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______. A. condition B. income C. credit D. status 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition 条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）。 根据句意故选C。 12. 【2016·江苏】— Can you tell us your______ for happiness and a long life? — Living every day to the full, definitely. A.recipe B. record C. range D. receipt 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。名词recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条；句意：----你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？----当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意思，与上下文相符。 13.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause)． 答案：causes 解析：all 修饰可数名词复数。 14.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 15.答案：pollution 解析： 作动词decrease 的宾语，用名词形式。 15. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric powered engines and lifts.3. introduction 16.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 16.答案：effects 解析：此处用some 修饰，用名词复数。 17. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. 答案crowds 解析：crow 是可数名词，需要用复数。 18(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle fed, the other is with mum—she never suspects. 18答案：days 解析：few 修饰可数名词复数。 【语法精讲】 考点解读： 1.给出名词提示词，考查名词的数； 2. 给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)的提示词，填写名词 考点一 名词的数 名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分， 不可数名词没有复数形式。   疑难点 (1)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks, congratulations, shoes, trousers, works(著作；工厂), manners(礼貌), spirits(情绪), instructions(操作说明), directions(用法说明), papers(试卷，文件), times(时代)等。 (2)一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有take turns to do sth., in high spirits, make friends with, shake hands with, make preparations for，make both ends with, take pains to do等。 二、不可数名词 1．常考的不可数名词 一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数的名词有：milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress, equipment, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。 疑难点：word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时通常不带任何修饰词。 2．抽象名词的具体化 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：   3．双重所有格 双重所有格的构成为：“名词＋of＋名词’s” 或 “名词＋of ＋名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一” 或 “其中一部分”，名词前可用a, any, some, a few, two, this, that, these, those等修饰，但不能用the。 ◆a picture of my mother’s 我母亲(拥有)的一张照片 ◆this little cat of your sister’s 你妹妹的这只小猫 疑难点： (1)表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的事物的名词也可以借助’s 表示所有关系。 a week’s holiday 一周的假 thirty minutes’ ride 三十分钟的车程 (2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop, house, home等常省去。 at the doctor’s (office) 在医生的诊所里 at Mr.Green’s (house) 在格林先生家 [即时演练]——单句语法填空 Last night we went to the barber’s, where I met a friend of my brother’s(brother)． 【解题技巧】 判断词性，确定名词单复数 1．根据题干的语法结构，特别是设空处前的限定词判断词性：冠词、代词、数词、量词、形容词和介词后应接名词形式。 2．根据句法结构判断词性：如果所填词在句中作主语、宾语、同位语时，一般用所给词的名词形式。 3．确定词性为名词后，根据常用的前后缀将所给词转换成适当的形式；然后再根据名词本身确定可数与不可数，如果名词可数，则需根据其前限定词及谓语动词的形式来确定名词的单复数形式。 (1)表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的事物的名词也可以借助’s 表示所有关系。 a week’s holiday 一周的假 thirty minutes’ ride 三十分钟的车程 (2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop, house, home等常省去。 at the doctor’s (office) 在医生的诊所里 at Mr.Green’s (house) 在格林先生家 3．双重所有格 双重所有格的构成为：“名词＋of＋名词’s” 或 “名词＋of ＋名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一” 或 “其中一部分”，名词前可用a, any, some, a few, two, this, that, these, those等修饰，但不能用the。 ◆a picture of my mother’s 我母亲(拥有)的一张照片 ◆this little cat of your sister’s 你妹妹的这只小猫 2．抽象名词的具体化 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有： word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时通常不带任何修饰词。 【高考模拟】 单句语法填空 1．(2019·江西新余期中)Sometimes there’s so much work for you to deal with and you feel it’s beyond your ability to fulfill it. Actually, you can take (measure) to help yourself. 答案measures 解析：句意：有时候，你有太多的工作要处理，而你觉得完成它超出了你的能力。事实上，你可以采取措施来帮助自己。measure作“措施，方法”讲时，为可数名词，take measures to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“采取措施做某事”，故此处应用复数形式。 2．(2019·河南中原名校联考)It thinks that Singlish may hurt people’s (able) to speak standard English and make it hard for them to communicate with foreigners. 答案ability 解析：句意：它认为新加坡式的英语可能会伤及人们说标准英语的能力，使他们很难与外国人交流。设空处前有名词所有格people’s修饰，应用名词。 3．(2019·浙江五校联考)In order to understand the role and function of belief in our society, one way is to compare the (different) between a society with belief and a society without it. 答案differences 解析：句意：为了理解信念在我们社会中的作用和功能，一个方法就是比较一个有信念的社会和一个无信念的社会的差异。设空处前有定冠词修饰，应用名词；根据句意，此处指不止一个差异，应用名词复数形式。 4．(2019·河北衡水中学联考)After several (day), I got my watch back and it was still working. 答案days 解析：句意：几天后，我把手表拿回来了，它还在运转。day为可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。 5．(2019·洛阳统一考试)Once I broke a (neighbor) window. Seeing nobody around, I ran away immediately. 答案neighbor’s 解析：考查名词所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语，修饰名词window。 6．(2019·湖北七校联考)Even though there weren’t (leaf) on the trees, yet I could still hear birds singing songs of spring. 答案leaves 解析：句意：虽然树上没有树叶，但我仍然能够听到鸟儿在唱春天的赞歌。leaf作“叶子”讲时，为可数名词，根据该句中的weren’t可知，此处应用复数形式。 7．(2019·河南豫北名校联考)There is also new evidence that green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies. It is especially effective at ridding bacteria of your (tooth) and keep them healthy! 答案teeth 解析：句意：也有新的证据表明绿茶可以帮助消灭我们体内的细菌。它在去除牙齿上的细菌，保持牙齿健康方面尤其有效！根据常识可知，人的牙齿有很多颗，故空格处用所给名词的复数形式。 8．(2019·河南豫西南部分示范高中月考)There are (style) of music that can drive you unquestionably crazy. 答案styles 解析：此处表示有一些音乐风格无疑能让你疯狂。There be句型中，主语为be后面的名词，此处be动词为are，故空格处应用所给名词的复数形式。 9．(2019·山东烟台期中)Firstly, these countries have highly diversified groups of residents from different cultural (background)． 答案backgrounds 解析：句意：首先，这些国家有来自不同文化背景的高度多元化的居民群体。background作“出身背景”讲时，为可数名词，由句中different可知，此处指“不同的文化背景”，故填所给名词的复数形式。 10．(2019·山东滕州一中检测)Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is an important part of Chinese culture. Great (success) have been made in many areas through TCM cures. 答案successes 解析：句意：中医是中国文化的重要组成部分。中医疗法在许多领域已经取得了巨大的成功。success在此处为抽象名词具体化，表示成功的事物，为可数名词。根据空后的have可知，此处应用所给名词的复数形式。 本文内容综合来源网络，编辑，如有侵权，请及时联系删除。 (责任编辑：admin) |