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非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，同时也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题规律，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些规则。根据这些规则，相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。  非谓语动词实用解题规则 规则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词 例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told 例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had told 解析：例1中有连词but连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为C。 例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，所以答案为A。 规则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式 例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 解析：lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为B。 例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now. A. Considered all the possibilities B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration D. Giving all the possibilities 解析：把。。。考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration，现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案为B。 规则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。 规则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语 例13Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one. A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared 解析：“和。。。相比较”结构为be compared with，现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为D。 例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 解析：“面对”结构为be faced with, 现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为C。 规则八、非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构 例15． ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致，the postman应该是被咬，所以答案为B。 例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系，所以答案为B。 例17. While watching television, __________. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 解析：根据“非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的规则，watching的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致，所以句子主语应为“we”，答案为C。 例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 解析：本题没有连词，所以后面应用非谓语动词，the lessons是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。根据句意应是“被完成”，所以答案为B。 规则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因 例19．_____, you need to give all you have and try your best. A Being a winner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner 解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者，你要付出所有，尽最大努力”，此处表目的，所以答案为B。 例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 解析：本句句意为“记者们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知明星们已经走了”，表出乎意料的结果常常用only to do，所以答案为B。 例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 解析：本题句意为“玻璃门替换了木头门，自然光就进来了”，自然光进来时顺其自然的结果，所以用doing, 答案为B。 例22.How glad I am ___________ you! A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. having seen 解析： 本题是I am glad to see you 的感叹句形式，to see you 是原因状语，答案为B。 规则十、 非谓语动词的否定规则是在非谓语动词前加not，有not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done几种形式 例23______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 解析： 本题考查doing的否定形式not doing，答案为 C。 例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child. A. his being not allowed B. his not being allowed C. his not allowing D. having not been allowed 解析：本题考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 为not being done的逻辑主语，所以答 案为B。 例25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer. A. don’t go B. to not go C. not going D. not to go 解析：本题考查to do的否定形式not to do, 所以答案为D。 (责任编辑：admin) |