[教材辅导]人教新课标必修五unit4重点词汇详解(3)
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8.defend vt. 保卫；防护；防守 She had to defend herself against the guard dog. 她不得不防备看门狗咬她。 辩护；辩解 ；守卫；防御 He's better at defending than attacking. 他的防守优于进攻。 The accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 被告有一律师为他辩护。 【习惯用语】 defend against 保卫; 抵抗 defend from 保护, 保卫(使不受伤害) 【参考词汇】 defend /guard /protect /preserve 都含“保护”、“使安全”的意思。 defend指“保卫”、“防御”, 应用范围很广, 对象可以是具体的, 也可以是抽象的, 用于defend sb. against / from harm结构。如: defend oneself against enemy 防御敌人。 guard 指“注意观察、戒备, 以免受可能的攻击或伤害”, 如: guard a coastline 守卫海岸线。 protect 指“保护...以免遭受危险或伤害等”, 常用protect sb. from sth./against sth.的结构。如: protect the children from harm 保护儿童免受伤害。 preserve 指“防护、保存...免被分解或腐烂”, 如: Salt preserves food from decay. 盐能防止食物腐烂。 secure指确保不会发生意外等如secure oneself against/from danger使自己免于危险。 By strengthening the river banks, the city secured itself against flood. 由于加强了河堤, 该城可确保免受水灾。 9.normal adj. 正常的；常态的；一般的 The normal price of a ticket if $230! 一张票的正常价格是230英镑。 above [below] normal 标准以上[下] return to normal 恢复正常 The rain raised the river two meters above normal. 雨水使得这条河水位超出标准两米。 智力正常的；身心健全的 a normal child 【参考词汇】 ■normal /ordinary /regular 都含“正常的”、“正规的” 、“普通的”的意思。 normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”, 如: the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温。 ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”， 常指人或事物不特殊。 如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。an ordinary day's work 日常工作。 regular 指“有规律的”、“正规的”、“定期的”, 如: He kept regular hours. 他过着有规律的生活。 common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”， 如：Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。common knowledge/sense 常识 general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”， 如：This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为一般读者写的， 不是为专家写的。 10.注意几个表否定的副词 ▲seldom adv. 不常，很少 The children are seldom ill. 这些孩子很少生病。Opportunity seldom knocks twice.机不可失，时不再来。 ▲barely adv. 贫乏地;刚刚 They had barely time to catch the plane. 他们差点没来得及赶上飞机。 The committee had barely entered into the matter when he felt dizzy. 委员会刚开始讨论此事,他就感到头晕了。 He had barely enough money to buy food. 他仅有刚够买食物的钱。 ▲hardly adv. 几乎不；简直不 This is hardly the time to discuss such matters. 在现在讨论这事根本不合适。 It was so dark that I could hardly see. 天那么黑，我简直看不见了。 I can hardly ask him directly for more money. 我绝不能直接向他多要钱。 He hardly ever eats meat. 他从来不吃肉。 Peter is hardly ever late. 玛丽几乎从不迟到。 【习惯用语】 hardly any 几乎没有 hardly ever 很少 ▲scarcely adv. 不足地，不充分地， 几乎没有 There is scarcely enough food. 几乎没有足够的食物。 There was scarcely anything mentioned about that contract. 关于那份合同几乎什么也没提到。 …scarcely ….when/before…刚…一...就... (=…hardly…when…= …no sooner…than….) ▲narrowly adv. 仅仅；勉强； 恰好 One car narrowly missed hitting the other one. 一辆车差点儿和另一辆相撞。 The boy narrowly escaped being drowned. 那个男孩差一点被淹死。 ▲nearly adv. 几乎，差不多 The job's nearly finished. 这工作差不多完成了。 She nearly died. 她差点儿死了。 Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. 几乎每个人都参加一年一度'最佳花园赛',但乔每次都夺魁。 I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. 我朝下一望看到一个警察时,差上点从梯子上掉下来 ▲rarely adv. 难得，很少 She is old and rarely goes out. 她年纪大了，很少外出。 He rarely comes here anymore. 现在他难得来这儿。 Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. `大本钟'很少出差错。 Peter is rarely / seldom late. 彼得不常迟到。;彼得很少迟到。 (责任编辑：admin) |