高考英语大纲规定的24个语法梳理及练习——冠词
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下面是高中英语老师给大家带来的高考英语大纲规定的24个语法梳理及练习——冠词，供高中生参考！ 冠词（Article）是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，它是英语词性中最小的一类，只有三个，一种是不定冠词（IndefiniteArticle），一种是定冠词（DefiniteArticle）。此外也有些特定场合不用冠词，即通常所称的零冠词（ZeroArticle）。  1 冠词a/an的基本用法 （定冠词a/an用法口诀） 某人某物属某类， 一人一物指全体； 某人某物不具体， 数量名词前表“每一” ⒈基本用法  a/an的区别 a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。如abook,anorange,anegg 注意： ①u发音为/ju:/时，单词前用a.如：ausualboy；auniversity；aunit；ausefulbook；注意另外两个特殊词:aone-legtable;aEuropean ②常见辅音字母不发音的单词有：anhonestboy；anhour；anhonor 2 定冠词the的用法  3 不用冠词的情况  注意： ⒈中国的传统节日前一般加“the” 如：theMid-AutumnDay中秋节；theSpringFestival； ⒉具体某年的季节前一般加“the” inthewinterof2009在2009年的冬天 如：⒊但三餐饭前如有形容词修饰时，可以用冠词 如：haveanicebreakfast吃一顿美味的早餐 4 高考常见冠词形式  5 冠词的活用  练习： 1.【2019·新课标I卷】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】the 【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。 2.【2019·浙江卷】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。 3. 【2019·新课标II卷】When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was___69___ joke. 【答案】a 【解析】a 考查冠词。根据前面We don't have any idea who put grandma forward我们不知道谁提名了祖母，以及she was short-listed接到电话说她入围了，开始我们以为这是一个玩笑，a joke一个玩笑，故填a。 4.【2019·全国I】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. 【答案】belief 【解析】考查词性转换。由其前不定冠词和其后that引导的同位语从句可知，空格处需填名词形式。故填belief。 5. 【2019·全国III】When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. 【答案】competition 【解析】考查词性转换。形容词interesting应该修饰名词，而且空前有不定冠词an，故填单数名词competition。 6. 【2019·浙江6】Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance. 【答案】connection/connections 【解析】考查名词。根据no可知，后面需要connect的名词形式，语意表示“联系、连接”，故填connection/connections。 7. 【2019·北京】No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless. 【答案】activities 【解析】考查名词的复数形式，因为前面的形容词是various“各种各样的”，因此用名词的复数形式activities。 8.【2018·全国II】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country has grown more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。 9.【2018·全国III】I'm not sure which is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at____62____ top of her lungs. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。 10.【2018·全国I】 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause). 【答案】causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。 11. 【2018·全国II】This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 【答案】pollution 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。 12. 【2018·全国III】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 【答案】scientist 【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。 13. 【2018·浙江】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ___56___(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. 【答案】dishes 【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。 14. 【2018·浙江】Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___64___(weigh) problems. 【答案】weight 【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。 15.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】As 65.________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果是”。结果是，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。 16.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over 64.________ top. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。 17.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting. Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 62.________ model in New York. 【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指；而且model的第一个音素是辅音音素，故用不定冠词a。 18.【2017·浙江卷6月考】For Pahlsson, its return was 65.________ wonder. 【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。此处a wonder表示“一个奇迹”，所以需要不定冠词a。 III.短文改错 1.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. 【答案】 Suddenly a football fell just in front of me and almost hit me. 【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。 2.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. 【答案】 an→a 【解析】考查冠词。unique为辅音音素发音的单词，用不定词时需用a。故将an改为a。 声明： (责任编辑：admin) |