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2020年高三英语一轮复习,定语从句核心考点


    为了更好地帮助2020年高三同学们的高考一轮复习,高三英语辅导老师整理了2020年高考英语一轮复习定语从句系统复习要点,收藏查看吧!
    
    考点:阅读理解会直接重点考察定语从句,填空和改错题也极有可能涉及,作文能写出定语从句那是极佳的加分点。
    一.考点实例:
    16年海南中考阅读题C篇:Maybe he found me strange, the only person in this house who did not like him. 
    题目62.The sister used to be the only person in the house who ________.
    A.didn’t like the baby B. followed the baby around C. often talked to the baby 
    16年海南高考阅读题B篇: Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. 
    题目27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 mean?
     A. Mistake     B. Drawback     C. Difficulty     D. Burden
    15年海南高考阅读题C篇: Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible
    题目30. According to Tony Higgins,students taking a gap year______.
    A.arc better prepared for college studies
    B.know a lot more about their future jobs
    C.are more likely to leave university in debt
    D.have a better chance to enter top universities
    14年海南高考阅读题A篇:Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.
    At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.
    题目. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.
    A. a friend of his family
    B. a Sydney policeman
    C. a letter in his papers 
    D. a stranger in Sydney
    二.定语是什么?
    The yellow car in the street is mine. 这辆在大街上的黄色的轿车是我的。
    The girl under the tree is Kate.树底下那个女孩是Kate。
    Would you like something to drink?你想要些喝的东西吗?
    1.中文的定语始终在名词前。
    2.英文的定语有后置的。
    3.定语就是限定名词代词,类似adj.,在语句中称定语,在词语中称形容词。
    4.定语只是对名词特点的限定,并没有解释名词。
    三.定语从句是什么?
    She is a poor girl.划线部分是定语
    1.She is a poor girl who sells matches for a living in the street.划线部分是定语从句
    2.定语从句的常见模板:先行词+引导词+主+谓+宾
    
    2.I like you who have a short hair.
    3.I have a friend that has a ball.
    4.Love is a wonderful feeling which takes our breath away.
    5.I admire the hero whom I saw in the movie.
    6.There is a beautiful girl whose name is Xiao Wei.
    7.I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
    8.The time when we got together finally came.
    9.The house where/in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
    10.I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
    11.Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
    12.如何判定定语从句
    方法1:能翻译成。。。的先行词
    方法2:先行词等于关系词(引导词)
    四.定语从句中的(关系词)引导词分类
    1.定语从句缺主语、宾语、表语和定语时用关系词中的关系代词。
    2.定语从句缺状语时用关系词中的关系副词。
    3.某些情况下可以省略引导词,但我们初学就不要省略。
    
    3.当who做主语时,定语从句用who开头 。
    当who做宾语时,并且没有介词提前,这时可以用who 也可以用whom。
    当who做宾语时,并且定语从句有介词提前,比如The person with (  )I talked was my teacher。这时只能用whom,因为with 是介词,这是介宾短语,只能用宾格形式。
    4. 介词一旦前置,则关系代词要用宾格(原来是that的要改为which,原来用who的改为whom.)
    5. Do you see the house       window are all broken?
    Whose windows=the windows of which=of which the windows
    
    五.实例演练
    Do you know the girl         is talking with our teacher?
    The house       window was broken is near the school.
    The movie           I saw yesterday is fantastic.
    The man         T-shirt is red is my neighbor.
    I will never forget the day        Tu Youyou,a great scientist,came to our university and gave us a speech. 
    翻译: 我愿变成你爱的那个天使。                             
    我所能想对你说的全部就只是一句:好久不见                               
    I have found the book in which/      the names of all the early satellites are mentioned. 
    The earth on which/       we live is a planet. 
    I”ll never forget the day on which/      I joined the League. 
    Is there any reason for which/       you should have a holiday? 
    技巧:先找出句子中的动词,以动词为中心判断主从句,接着找出先行词是人/物,再根据定语从句缺的成分是定语、表语、主语、宾语还是状语来选择引导词。
    六.定语从句限制性和非限制性的区别
    
    1.限制性定语从句是对名词特点的限定;非限制性定语从句是对名词的补充说明,而且有逗号隔开主从句。
    理解PK: This is the house which we bought last week.翻译:                     
    The house,which we bought last week,is very modern.翻译:                     
    2.翻译方式:限制性定语从句翻译成......的先行词;非限制性定语从句翻译成并列句
    I have a girlfriend who works abroad.
    I have a girlfriend, who works abroad.
    He never wears clothes which make him look different.
    He never wears clothes, which make him look different.
    3. As/which引导的非限制性定语从句: 先行词为整个句子时用。
    You drove too fast,which was very dangerous.翻译:                       
    As is known to all,driving too fast is dangerous.翻译:                       
    He came back late,           means he missed the TV show.
    七.定语从句和同位语从句的区别
    7.1同位语
    Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.
    Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother’s.
    同位语就是解释前面的名词,等号成立!一定会告诉你前面名词的内容
    7.2同位语从句
    My grandfather told me a well-know saying that we learn for the rise of China.
    saying=we learn for the rise of China
    We all know the terrible news that the terrorists attacked France
    news=the terrorists attacked France
    同位语从句就是用一个叫句子补充说明与其同位的名词,如:conclusion/decision/idea/problem
    7.3理解PK
    The news that I heard yesterday is true.
    A      B    C
    The news that our team has won the match is true.
     A       B       C
    1.同位语:补充说明解释        ——       定语:修辞装饰修饰
    修饰名词的成分:同位语(从句) >定语(限制性定语从句 ) >非限制性定语从句
    2.对人体起作用的程度: 大脑心脏>  眼睛耳朵  >   皮毛
    3.定语一定不会告诉你先行词是什么,同位语一定会告诉你名词是什么!
    4.翻译:The rumor spread that a new school would be built here.                     
    The village has developed a lot where we learned farming two years ago.                     
    *特别注意
    1.as用于限制性定语从句时,先行词前面必须被such/so/as/the same所修饰才行。
    I bought the same car as you bought last week.
    2.定从的世界里没有what和how!
    1. whose:“ta的”/“ta们的”
    例:
    【2013福建】 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected.
    A. whose B. that C. who D. which
    【2005天津】Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering.
    A. that B. whose C. those D. what
    【2006福建】Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.
    A. whose   B. which   C. of which   D. that
    【2009天津】A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
    A. who B. whom
    C. whose D. whoever
    2. as:“正如”
    【2004北京】______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
    A. It B. As C.That D. What
    【2004江苏】______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
    A.Which B. When   C. What   D. As
    As is known to all,…正如我们都知道的,…
    As has been said before,…正如先前说过的,…
    As is shown in the picture,…正如图画中展示的那样
    As often happens,…正如经常发生的,…
    注: as的“先行词”是整个主句
    as从句中常用被动
     as引导的定从可置于主句之前
     
    3.which:“这件事”
    【2013天津】 We have launched another man-made satellite, ______is announced in today’s newspaper.
    A. that B. which C. who D. what
    【2005浙江】Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.
    A. which B. that    C. this     D. it
    注:which的“先行词”也可以是整个主句
    【2007浙江】Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful one.
    A. that B. which C. who D. where
    【2011浙江】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ______ uses it differently. 
    A. which    B. what      C. them D. those
    注:which的“先行词”也可以是某个名词
    4. that:“人物绝不避人物”
    人:that可以指代人
    物:that可以指代物
    绝:当先行词表“绝对”意义时,用that
    不:当先行词是“不定代词”时,用that
    避:如果句子里已经用了who/which,为避免重复,可以用that
    人物:当先行词“即有人又有物”时,用that
    5. 不能用that的情况
    逗号后
    介词后
    二、定从解题技巧
    Step1:定从的世界里没有what和how
    Step2:如果有as和whose,则优先考虑as和whose
    Step3:如果从句不完整,填关代,此时“逗号或介词后”不用that,其他情况用that;
    如果从句完整,填关副,此时“非时间即地点”——只要先行词不是时间,不管是不是地点,都看做地点。
    【2013湖南】Happiness and success often come to those ______ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
    A. whom B. who
    C. what D. which
    【江西模拟】The increased monthly pay will benefit more than 23 million migrant workers, ______ are currently employed in Guangdong Province..
    A. where B. when
    C. which D. who
    【2013山东】 Finally he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world. 
    A. when B. where
    C. which D. whom
    【2010全国Ⅱ】I refuse to accept the blame for something ______was someone else’s fault. 
    A. who B. that
    C. as D. what
    This is one of the most exciting football games ______ I have ever seen.
    A. where B. that
    C. what D. which
    【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually.
    A. that B. where
    C. which D. whose
    【2011湖南】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of ______ she spoke fluently. 
    A. who B. whom
    C. which D. that
    【2011全国II】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
    A. this B. that
    C. what D. which
    三、“介词+关代”
    选择介词时一定要和先行词连在一起。
    The girl with whom you will dance is my girlfriend.
    【2009陕西】 Gun control is a subject ____ Americans have argued for a long time.
    A. of which                B. with which    
    C. about which         D. into which
    【2004全国I】The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ______ the sailing time was 226 days.
    A. of which B. during which
    C. from which D. for which
    【2004全国】There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five are mine.
    A. on which B. in which
    C. of which D. from which
    【2012湖南】Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered.
    A. what B. in what
    C. which D. in which
    【2006福建】Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______ roof is under repair.
    A. whose B. which
    C. of which D. that
    四、定从的翻译
    (一)在汉语中,用“动词+的”修饰名词时,英语中用定语从句
    ·李辉是个教英语的老师。
    LiHui is a teacher who teaches English.
    ·Step1:将“定语从句部分”置于先行词之后
    ·Step2:加上相应的关系词
    从句缺名词用关代,不缺名词用关副
    那是我想要的书。 That is the book that/which I want.
    注意:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略
    ?我很高兴收到了期待已久的邀请函。
    I am glad/happy/delighted to receive the invitation that/which I have been looking forward to.
    告诉我们你知道的一切。Tell us all that you know.
    他就是我昨天见到的那个人。He is the person that/who/whom I met yesterday
    这就是我喜欢这个想法的原因。This is the reason why I like this idea.
    我最喜欢的书是霍金写的《时间简史》
    The book that I like best is A Brief History of Time which is A Brief History of Time 
    (二)在汉语中,用“一个句子”补充名词性质时,英语中用定语从句
    1.我有一只羊驼。I have an alpaca
    2.我有一只羊驼,它是我舅舅从澳大利亚带来的。The alpaca was brought by my uncle from Australia. 
                                         which
    3.Tom 是一只羊驼,他总是说谎。Tom is an alpaca who always tells lies.
    4.南美是一个地方, 在那儿羊驼经常闯进屋子.
    South America is a place where alpacas often rush into our house.
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